Presentation of decorative art by skilled craftsmen. Presentation “Decorative and applied art of Russia. Abstract for the presentation

Natalia Orekhova
Presentation of decorative and applied arts

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 8 "The Scarlet Flower" Project «»

Educator:

Orekhova Natalya Mikhailovna

2015-2016

"The highest view art, the most talented, the most brilliant is the people art, that is, what was captured by the people, preserved, what the people carried through the centuries.” M. I. Kalinin.

Relevance of the project

Work to educate and develop in children a national sense, a sense of pride in their ancestors, respect for the history and traditions of their native land, a sense of national identity.

Project characteristics

Cognitive - creative

Long term (November – March)

Group

Participants: teacher, children, parents

Target:

Summarize children's knowledge about decorative and applied arts.

To develop children's cognitive interest in Russian folk art. Summarize the results of the collective creative activity of children and parents. Teachers during the project implementation

Tasks:

Educational:To foster a love of Russian in children applied arts. Foster a love of folk art. Foster respect for the work of folk craftsmen. To cultivate aesthetic and ethical feelings. Cultivate curiosity; teach you to work independently and creatively; Encourage parents to actively work on the problem of developing aesthetic and moral qualities in children.

Developmental:Development of children's cognitive activity. Develop a sense of color and compositional skills. Develop attention, thinking, creative imagination, visual memory, ability to analyze.

Educational: Introduce children to folk crafts. Introduce children to decorative and applied arts - Dymkovo, Khokhloma, Gorodets, Gzhel painting. Arouse children's interest in folk art. Strengthen the ability to expressively read poetry and perform songs. Learn to understand the figurative meaning of riddles. Strengthen the ability to combine movements and speech. Learn to see the beauty and originality of Dymkovo, Khokhloma, Gorodets, Gzhel painting. Teach children to create original patterns based on folk paintings. Learn to use plant elements. Teach children to navigate various types of painting. Learn to observe wildlife.

Planned results of the project

Children’s knowledge of folk crafts, the ability to distinguish between their types;

positive dynamics in the formation of moral qualities, aesthetic perception, and the degree of mastery of children decorative painting;

enrichment of the subject-development environment;

replenishment of didactic material for the section « Decorative and applied arts» ;

increasing parents' interest in solving problems of aesthetic and moral education of children

Project implementation stages:

Stage 1. Preparatory. Activities of a teacher

Introduce into a game situation.

Form a problem.

Define tasks. Define Product project:Children's activities

Get used to the game situation.

They recognize the problem.

Accept the project tasks.

Stage 2. Organization of work on the project.

Activities of a teacher:

Helps in solving problems.

Helps plan activities.

Organizes activities.

Consultation for parents (folder - move) on topic: “The influence of folk crafts on the aesthetic education of preschool children”; “Artistic and aesthetic education of children in the family”.

Children's activities:

Association into working groups.

Distribution of roles.

Stage 3. Practical activities.

Activities of a teacher:

Practical help.

Directs and controls the implementation of the project. Activity children:

Use illustrations.

Working on crafts.

In the process of work, they share their impressions and help each other.

Stage 4. Presentation.

Activities of a teacher:

Preparing for project presentation“Russia is my homeland!”.

Exhibition of children's works on the topic « Decorative arts» .

Musical entertainment "Maslenitsa".Activity children:

The costumes are being prepared.

They talk about folk crafts.

They read poetry.

They make and guess riddles.

They perform songs, ditties, and dances.

They lead round dances.

They play folk music games.

Stage 5. The role of parents in the implementation of the project.

Reading and memorizing poetry.

Looking at illustrations.

Selection of illustrations and information for album design decorative and applied arts.

Making crafts.

Help parents in making attributes for the holiday.

Ways of implementation Artistic and aesthetic development Artistic creativity

Coloring planar silhouettes paints: "Magic Horses", "Fairytale Birds".

Drawing elements of Khokhloma, Gorodets, Gzhel, Dymkovo painting.

Ditties.

Cognitive development. FEMP.

Orientation on a piece of paper (drawing, applique).

Orientation in space.

The ability to put parts together into a whole, didactic game "Gather the Whole".

Cognitive development. FCCM.

Targeted excursion into nature (look at the grass, compare with the grass in Khokhloma painting).

Conversations: “On a visit to the Gorodets masters”, "Khokhloma", "Gzhel", "Dymkovsky"

Fiction.

Reading poetry: P. Sinyavsky "Khokhloma painting", V. Nabokov "Khokhloma".

Memorizing poetry.

Making riddles.

Fundamentals of folk and decorative and applied arts L. V. Orlova "Khokhloma painting".

Fundamentals of folk and decorative and applied arts. G. Dorozhin "Gorodets painting".

Fundamentals of folk and decorative and applied arts. A. Mezhueva "Fairytale Gzhel".

Speech development. Speech development.

Activate dictionary: floral ornament, curl, droplet, grass, element, leaves, dots, lines, bathing, bud, rose, chamomile, "Golden Khokhloma", Gzhel, Gorodets painting.

Social and communicative development. Didactic games:

"Circle the element", "Trace and Color", "Gather the Whole", "Trace the picture", "Continue drawing", "Find a Pair".

Physical development. Physical Culture.

Without children's knowledge of the culture of the Motherland and the history of the development of folk crafts, a full-fledged moral and patriotic education of the child cannot be achieved. Folk art promotes the development of creativity, imagination, and thinking in children.

It is impossible to imagine the culture of Russia without folk art, which reveals the original sources of the spiritual life of the Russian people, clearly demonstrates their moral, aesthetic values, artistic tastes and is part of their history.

Decorative and applied arts (from Latin deco
- decorate) - a wide section of fine art
art, which covers various branches
creative activities aimed at
creating artistic products with utilitarian
and artistic functions. Collective
the term conventionally combines two broad genera
arts: decorative and applied. In contrast
from works of fine art,
intended for aesthetic pleasure and
related to pure art,
numerous manifestations of decorative and applied creativity can have practical
use in everyday life.

History of the development of applied art

Decorative and applied arts already existed in
early stage of development of human society and throughout
for many centuries was the most important, and for a number of tribes and
nationalities the main area of ​​artistic creativity.
The most ancient works of decorative and applied art
characterized by exceptional content of images, attention
to the aesthetics of the material, to the rational construction of form,
emphasized by decor. In traditional folk art this
the trend has continued to this day.
With the beginning of class stratification in society, more and more
interest in the richness of material and decor, in their
rarity and sophistication. Products that serve
purposes of representation (objects for religious rituals or
court ceremonies, for decorating the houses of the nobility), in which
in order to enhance their emotional sound, masters often
sacrifice the everyday expediency of constructing the form.

Characteristics of arts and crafts:

have an aesthetic quality;
designed for artistic
Effect;
are used to decorate everyday life and
interior

Classification of branches of decorative and applied arts:

by material (metal, ceramics,
textiles, wood);
by technique (carving,
painting, embroidery, printed material, casting,
embossing, intarsia, etc.);
according to functional characteristics
use of an item (furniture,
toys).

Sewing - creating stitches and seams on a material
using a needle and thread, fishing line, etc. Sewing alone
from the most ancient production technologies,
originated in the Stone Age.
Flower making - production of women's
fabric decorations in the form of flowers
Patchwork (sewing from scraps), patchwork
blanket - patchwork technique, patchwork
mosaic, textile mosaic - view
handicrafts, in which, according to the principle
mosaics, a single piece of mosaic is sewn together
pieces of fabric.
Quilting, quilting -
two pieces of fabric sewn through and
a layer of batting placed between them or
cotton wool.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Embroidery - art
decorate with a variety of patterns
all kinds of fabrics and materials,
from the coarsest and densest, like,
for example: cloth, canvas, leather, up
the finest materials - cambric,
muslin, gauze, tulle, etc.
Tools and materials for
embroidery: needles, threads, hoops,
scissors.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Knitting - the process
manufacturing products from
continuous threads by
bending them into loops and
connecting loops to each other
friend with help
simple tools
manually or on
special machine.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Artistic processing
leather - production of leather
various items like
household and decorative-art purposes.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Weaving - production of fabric on
looms, one of
the oldest human crafts.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Carpet weaving - production
carpets

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Burning - onto the surface of any
organic material using hot
the needle is used to apply the pattern.
Woodburning
Fabric burning
(guilloché) - technique
handicrafts involving finishing
products with openwork lace and
making appliques by burning
using a special apparatus.
Based on other materials
Hot stamping - technology
artistic product labeling
hot stamping method.
Treatment of wood with acids

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Artistic carving is one of
the most ancient and widespread
types of materials processing.
Stone carving - process
formation of the desired shape,
which is carried out
through drilling,
polishing, grinding,
sawing, engraving, etc.
Bone carving - view
arts and crafts
art.
Wood carving

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Drawing on porcelain, glass

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Mosaic - formation
images via
layout, set and
fastening on
multi-colored surfaces
stones, smalt,
ceramic tiles and
other materials.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Stained glass - work
decorative arts
figurative or
ornamental character from
colored glass, designed for
through lighting and
intended for filling
opening, most often a window, in
any architectural
construction.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Decoupage - decorative
textile technology, tableware,
furniture, etc.,
consisting in
meticulous cutting
paper images,
which are then glued
or attached by another
way to various
surfaces for
decoration.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Modeling, sculpture,
ceramic
floristry - giving
plastic forms
material by hand
and auxiliary
tools.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Weaving is a method of making more rigid
structures and materials made from less durable
materials: threads, plant stems, fibers,
bark, twigs, roots and other similar soft
raw materials.
Bamboo - weaving from bamboo.
Birch bark - weaving from the upper bark of a birch tree.
Beads, beadwork - creation of jewelry,
artistic beadwork, in which, in
unlike other techniques where it is used,
beads are not only decorative
element, but also a constructive and technological one.
Basket
Lace - decorative elements made of fabric and
thread
Macrame is a knot weaving technique.

Vine is the craft of making wickerwork from
vines: household utensils and various containers
appointments.
Mat - weaving flooring flooring from any
coarse material, mat, matting.
-Painting:
Gorodets painting - Russian folk
artistic craft. Bright, laconic
painting (genre scenes, figures of horses, roosters,
floral patterns), made with a free stroke with
white and black graphic outline, decorated
spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, doors.
Polkhov-Maidan painting - production
painted turning products - nesting dolls,
Easter eggs, mushrooms, salt shakers, cups, supplies -
generously decorated with lush ornamental and
plot painting. Among the pictorial motifs
the most common are flowers, birds, animals,
rural and urban landscapes.
Mezen wood painting - type of painting
household utensils - spinning wheels, ladles, boxes, baskets.
Zhostovo painting - folk craft
artistic painting of metal trays.

Semenovskaya painting - production
wooden toy with painting.
Khokhloma - ancient Russian folk
a trade born in the 17th century in the area
Nizhny Novgorod
Stained glass painting - hand painted
glass, imitation stained glass.
Batik - hand-painted fabric with
using reserve trains.
Cold batik - technique
fabric painting uses
special reserving
composition cold.
Hot batik - the pattern is created with
using melted wax or
other similar substances.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Scrapbooking - design
photo albums.

Types of decorative and applied arts:

Clay modeling creating shapes and
objects made of clay.
Can be sculpted using
pottery wheel or
hands.

Antonina Nikolaevna Lysenko
Presentation “Decorative and Applied Arts of Russia”

Slide 1:"Decorative and applied art of Russia."

Slide 2:

Dymkovo painting.

From the high bank of the Vyatka River, on which the city of Kirov stands, you can see the settlement of Dymkovo across the river. In winter, when the stoves are lit, in summer, on cloudy days, when there is fog, the whole settlement is as if in smoke, in a haze. Here, in ancient times, this toy originated.

Toys are made from clay. Then chalk is diluted in milk and the toys are whitened. And then it’s time to paint them. The pattern is unusually simple: circles, straight and wavy stripes, cells, spots, dots. But the colors are bright, bright: crimson, red, green, yellow, orange, blue.

In the beginning there were whistles. Craftswomen sculpted them for the fair. From a small clay ball with holes, the whistle turned into a duck, a cockerel, or a skate. Many years passed and then they came up with the idea of ​​sculpting other toys from clay: clay horses, turkeys, little sheep in pants, young ladies and gentlemen, strange deer, etc.

Slide 3:

Gzhel.

Gzhel is the most famous Russian folk ceramic craft.

The Moscow region of 30 villages, which is located 60 kilometers from Moscow, has been famous for its pottery since the 16th century.

The first documentary mentions of a settlement on the banks of the Gzhelka River were found among the letters of Ivan Kalita. The word “Gzhel” comes from hoary antiquity, when a whole region with numerous villages of different names was called Ognel, Akzhel, Zhgel - putting into the names a certain meaning of “Burn”, “Roast”.

Gzhel porcelain includes vases, tableware in sets, serving items, table and interior decorations, sets, as well as various souvenirs.

The main elements of Gzhel painting are “wide and narrow stripe”, “dot”, “wave”, “bush”, “petal”, “mesh”, “leaf”.

Slide 4:

Gorodets painting.

On the banks of the Volga stands the glorious and ancient city of Gorodets.

Residents of Gorodets and surrounding villages were famous as skilled carpenters and woodcarvers. Forests provided the material from which everything was made: from children's toys and cradles to ships.

Over time, craftsmen began to paint boxes, toys, dishes, furniture and even parts of the house - shutters, doors, gates.

Gorodets painting - how could we not know it?

There are hot horses here, well done.

There are such bouquets here that it is impossible to describe.

The stories here are like nothing in a fairy tale.

Slide 5:

Khokhloma painting.

Once upon a time there lived a miracle master in the Nizhny Novgorod forests. He built a house on the river bank and began making and painting wooden dishes. His patterned cups and spoons looked like gold. The fame of this dish reached Moscow and then spread throughout the world. And then the master gave the secret of the “golden utensils” to the residents of the village of Khokhloma, and he himself disappeared...

In the old days, people ate from wooden utensils. In the village of Khokhloma, skilled craftsmen made wooden dishes and painted them with beautiful paintings, sending them to other cities. People liked this dishware for its brightness, festiveness, and patterns. Cups, spoons, and ladles were a great success. Later they began to make children's furniture.

Like the sorceress Firebird,

Doesn't go out of my mind

Sorceress-craftswoman,

Golden Khokhloma!

Slide 6:

Vologda lace.

The ancient Russian city of Vologda, whose history began in the 12th century, can rightfully be considered the keeper of the ancient traditions of the culture of the North. Vologda lace has gained well-deserved fame and wide recognition for its high artistry, decorative richness, and perfection of execution techniques.

Vologda lace consists of a large, expressive pattern, made of dense, continuous, smooth linen of equal width, clearly outlined against the background of patterned latticework. The fabric is thick, often colored. In addition to motifs of flowers and leaves, motifs of horseshoes, scallops, and fans are often found in the ornament.

Vologda is covered with white snow,

The blizzard spreads lace right under your feet.

Northern colors scatter sparkles,

Snowy tales - lace tales.

Slide 7:

Filimonovskaya toy.

This toy originated in the Odoevsky district of the Tula region. And it got its name from the village of Filimonovo.

One of the legends says that the potter Philemon came to these places, discovered deposits of excellent clay and began to sculpt pots and toys from it. The place where he settled was called Filimonovo.

There is even a fairy tale about grandfather Philemon: the grandfather was walking along the road. He climbed from mountain to mountain, from hill to hill. He walked, he walked through dense forests, the sun was shining brightly. It got hot, and then there was a stream. He sat down on a pebble, and then there was clay. He turned it over in his hands - it turned out to be a bird, pierced the holes - the bird began to sing. This is how the “clay business” has been going on since then.

As a rule, men only made dishes, and women sculpted and painted toys. Toys or “fun” cost pennies at the market, so it was necessary to make a lot of them. The women were helped in their work by girls who were taught the craft from the age of 7-8. They worked in the winter in their free time from rural work.

Slide 8:

Polkhovsky Maidan.

POLKHOV-MAIDAN PAINTING - production of painted turning products in the village of Polkhovsky Maidan, the village of Krutets and the village of Voznesenskoye, Nizhny Novgorod region.

Turning products of the masters of this craft - nesting dolls, Easter eggs, mushrooms, salt shakers, cups, supplies - are generously decorated with rich ornamental and plot painting. Among the pictorial motifs, the most common are flowers, birds, and animals.

When painting, pure bright colors are used, for example, blue, red, yellow, which, when mixed and superimposed on each other, give no less bright and beautiful red, green and purple colors. The painting is carried out according to a previously drawn contour, which is applied using ink.

Slide 9:

Bogorodskaya toy.

Variegated wooden chickens on a stand, figurines of blacksmiths, a man and a bear - pull the bar and they will knock with hammers on a small anvil... Funny toys, known in Rus' since time immemorial, have become the main folk craft for residents of the village of Bogorodskoye near Moscow.

All toys are made from linden, which is dried for about four years. The wood is soft and easy to work with. After drying, the tree is sent for cutting.

The blanks are marked according to patterns and cut out with a Bogorodsk knife and chisel. An experienced craftsman takes about 15 minutes to complete one product.

Most of the craftsmen at the factory are women, despite the fact that the work is difficult, requiring endurance and constant physical effort. The next stage is assembling the toy. The most colorful and final stage is coloring.

The symbol of fishing is a man and a bear.

Slide 10:

Zhostovo painting.

The history of the Zhostovo craft dates back to the beginning of the 19th century, when workshops for the production of painted lacquered items from papier-mâché arose in a number of villages and hamlets near Moscow (Zhostovo was one of them). The appearance of the Zhostovo painted tray is associated with the surname of the Vishnyakov brothers. The founding date is considered to be 1825. A little later, iron trays also began to be painted. To produce Zhostovo trays, thin roofing steel is used. After this, the trays are primed, sanded and coated several times with oil varnish, usually black, drying each layer in an oven.

Then the craftsmen paint the trays by hand with oil paints without using stencils or samples, relying on their imagination. The main motif of the painting is a simple floral bouquet in which large garden and small wildflowers alternate. Painting is usually done on a black background (sometimes on red, blue, green, silver) and the master works on several trays at once. First, shading is done (the main silhouettes of the bouquet, then straightening: shadows are applied, light places are painted, dense strokes, highlights are applied, thin lines - leaf veins, stamens, and then large flowers are connected with smaller elements of the pattern with herbs, stems, etc. , last of all, the ornament located on the sides is applied (i.e., cleaning). After painting, Zhostovo products are again coated three times with colorless varnish, dried in an oven, and polished with a fine powder by hand to a mirror shine.

Slide 11:

Kargopol toy.

Kargopol is an ancient city in the Arkhangelsk region. Previously, it was a widely known large trade and cultural center of the Russian North. Majestic temples and cathedrals remain from those times. Now these are protected places where original Russian culture, art and crafts are still preserved.

The toys of Kargopol masters are mostly single figures, sometimes two or three characters, connected by a single plot and some simple action. They are a little clumsy and heavy: strong peasant women, men, birds, horses. Like all peasants, Kargopol potters plowed the land, grew grain on it, kept livestock, and in their free time sat at the potter's wheel. They made dishes of different sizes, and their leftover clay was used to make toys. One of the favorite figures was that of a bear - the owner of the forest, a cheerful joker who knows how to play the accordion.

The Kargopol toy contains many fairy-tale and mythological images: amazing animals and birds. One of the most interesting images is the half-horse, half-man “Polkan”. This is an image of goodness, a hero who helped people grow bread. Polkan’s arms are strong, his chest is powerful, there is the sun on his chest, his legs are fast, like a horse’s.

The push-pull figurine consists of two horses - white and black. The horse is one of the most revered domestic animals among peasants. The white horse is the messenger of light and warmth, the black horse represents the dark side.

Slide 12:

To the subtlest shades of nature,

To the richest colors of the earth

The hands of the people touched

And they found the secret of magic.

All the beauties of our native expanses

The miracles of the masters are hidden.

In the light music of Russian patterns

People's talent is blooming!

Slide 13:

How much joy for the heart,

What a joy for the eyes,

The craftswomen are growing up,

Maybe among us too.

You play, my accordion,

You, friend, sing along,

1 slide

2 slide

“Work is good if there is benefit and soul in it. It’s not gold that is expensive and glitters, but it’s precious that is created by the hands of a master.”

3 slide

4 slide

The Moscow region is rich in folk traditions and various folk crafts. The most famous among them is Zhostovo, which is famous for its painted lacquer trays. . In Russia, the first lacquered metal trays were made in the Urals at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1830. In Zhostovo, the production of iron trays was founded, which were in high demand. Forged metal products are primed, sanded, varnished, then painted with oil paints and varnished. “Zhostovo brushes” On a Zhostovo tray In the mirror surface of varnish Rye copper of ears, Steppe blush of poppy. Crimson of late leaves. The forest snowdrop is the first... And Zhostovo brushes are more tender than light willow.

5 slide

Palekh painting is a lacquer miniature reflecting the life of the people, Russian epics, and nature. In their works, masters create the beauty of their region. At the end of the 19th century, icon painting became widespread. On its basis, black-lacquer miniatures arose - these are lacquer boxes, furniture, and utensils.

6 slide

A miracle with blue flowers, Blue petals, Blue flowers, Delicate curls. On white porcelain, Like on a snowy field, From under a white snowball. Blue flowers are growing. Really, really, haven’t you heard of Gzhel? The village of Gzhel is located southeast of Moscow. Local historians associate the origin of this name with the word “burn,” which is directly related to the craft - clay products were necessarily fired in an oven at high temperatures. People from 40 professions take part in the production of objects. Almost all operations are performed manually. Craftswomen paint products with great love, putting a piece of their heart and kindness of soul into them.

7 slide

A variety of Gzhel, marvelously beautiful enamel painting, which originated at the end of the 18th century. In Rostov. Translated, enamel (Greek) means a light, shiny stone. Indeed, snow-white plates made of glassy alloys, fired at high temperatures, are as hard as stone, and the painting on them shines preciously. The exposition of the Rostov Architectural Museum-Reserve presents the works of old masters: breastplates, icons, so-called fractions - enamel inserts that decorated church utensils, as well as the best products of modern craftsmen - women's jewelry with floral paintings, miniature portraits and landscapes on tiny boxes.

8 slide

Eight wooden dolls, chubby and ruddy, in multi-colored sundresses, they come to visit us. Guess what the name is? They are known in all cities and villages - this is an original Russian souvenir for foreigners. The first nesting doll appeared almost 100 years ago. A toy maker (V. Zvezdochkin) from Sergiev Posad made a disassembled toy and painted it. The result was a Russian nesting doll, a prototype of Matryona (a name that was very common at that time). All nesting dolls are different from each other; today they carry images of famous people.

Slide 9

10 slide

Since ancient times, wooden products have been made and painted in the Trans-Volga forest villages of Novopokrovskoye, Kulichino, Semenovo, Khryaschi. And their name is Khokhloma. Wooden goods are being transported to the large trading village of Khokhloma. From there, cups and spoons scattered like firebirds across the ground. Khokhloma painting was used to decorate various household utensils: dishes, spinning wheels, boxes. Khokhloma brush! Thank you very much! Tell a fairy tale for the joy of life! You are like the soul of the people, beautiful, You, like the people, serve the Fatherland!

11 slide

Having originated 30 km from Khokhloma, Gorodets painting immediately found its channel. Where in Khokhloma four colors ruled the day, Gorodets colors glowed with their entire palette. Khokhloma paints were heated and subjected to heat treatment. Gorodets painting is cold. What about the drawing itself? Scenes of “bourgeois life”. This is how the glory of Priuzol carvers and painters rolled down from the bottom of the spinning wheels throughout Russia. After the revival of crafts, painting was transferred from spinning wheels to new forms: salt shakers, cutting boards, toys, children's furniture, etc.

12 slide

Toy making occupies a special place in the artistic crafts of Central Russia. Back in the 17th century. The production of toys was carried out by art workshops at the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, where carvers, modelers, and carpenters worked. Later, a handicraft industry for making toys (horses, Troikas, ladies) arose in this area. This center still retains its leading position in the production of such toys. What is Dymkovo famous for? With his toy. There is no smoky light in it, but there is the love of people...

Slide 13

Ceramic toy is a traditional folk art. To this day, figured vessels, toys, and ceramic dishes are made in many cities and villages (Filimonovo, Torzhok, Sergiev Posad, etc.).