How to protect yourself from ticks Class hour for elementary school students. Presentation "Beware of ticks!" presentation for a life safety lesson on the topic of what the life cycle of ticks consists of

Ticks, a group of arthropods of the arachnid class. Length 0.05 mm 3 cm. About 20 thousand species are known, widespread. Most live on land, some are aquatic. Pests of plants and agricultural products, parasites of animals and humans, carriers of pathogens of infectious diseases (encephalitis, fevers, typhus, tularemia, plague). Ixodid tick Soil mites

In 80% of cases, the virus enters the human body through direct suction of an infected tick to the skin. Infection through the gastrointestinal tract is also possible, including through contamination of hands while removing a tick, on the surface of which there may be a virus, as well as from consuming raw goat milk.

Ticks are usually located along paths along which animals pass. They lie in wait for their prey, sitting on the branches of bushes, tall dry grasses and trees at a height of 25 cm to 1 m. Once on the human body, the tick attaches itself to the skin of the scalp, ears, neck, collarbones, and armpits , on the chest, arms, back, lower back, groin.

If the tick has burrowed deeply and cannot be removed, you need to lubricate the tick's body with Vaseline, vegetable or machine oil, and nail polish. After a few minutes, repeat attempts to remove the tick.

It is necessary to go to the hospital if: a) the head of the tick was torn off when trying to remove it, and it remained in the wound; b) the bite site is very swollen and red; c) symptoms of a general illness appeared (fever, headaches, photophobia, difficulty moving the eyes and neck) 5-25 days after the bite.

What is a mite? Ticks (Acarina), an order of small arachnids, uniting approx. 20 thousand species. The body is whole or divided into 2 parts that do not correspond to the cephalothorax and abdomen of spiders - the border runs somewhat closer to the front of the body. There are usually 6 pairs of appendages, of which the 4 posterior pairs in most adults are legs (larvae are usually six-legged). The leg segments are the coxa, trochanter, femur, knee, tibia and tarsus. The tarsus (end segment) is usually armed with claws and stalk-shaped suckers. The most anterior pair of appendages are the chelicerae; they are claw-like (gnawing) or form piercing-cutting mouth structures. The second pair are pedipalps, also included in the complex of oral organs. In the most primitive mites they are free, but in a typical case they are fused at the bases and, together with the chelicerae and some other parts of the body, form a “head”, movably attached to the body. The free ends of the pedipalps serve as palps or grasping devices. Usually there are 4 simple eyes. Representatives of some families have a soft body, with leathery chitinous covers, while in others it is protected by hard shields or a shell. Ticks (Acarina), an order of small arachnids, uniting approx. 20 thousand species. The body is whole or divided into 2 parts that do not correspond to the cephalothorax and abdomen of spiders - the border runs somewhat closer to the front of the body. There are usually 6 pairs of appendages, of which the 4 posterior pairs in most adults are legs (larvae are usually six-legged). The leg segments are the coxa, trochanter, femur, knee, tibia and tarsus. The tarsus (end segment) is usually armed with claws and stalk-shaped suckers. The most anterior pair of appendages are the chelicerae; they are claw-like (gnawing) or form piercing-cutting mouth structures. The second pair are pedipalps, also included in the complex of oral organs. In the most primitive mites they are free, but in a typical case they are fused at the bases and, together with the chelicerae and some other parts of the body, form a “head”, movably attached to the body. The free ends of the pedipalps serve as palps or grasping devices. Usually there are 4 simple eyes. Representatives of some families have a soft body, with leathery chitinous covers, while in others it is protected by hard shields or a shell.

Disease carriers Ixodid ticks themselves are to one degree or another covered with hard chitinous scutes. They lie in wait for their host in nature and, having attached themselves to him, suck blood for several days, or even weeks. Members of the genera Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus and Dermacentor can cause a condition called tick paralysis in humans and other animals; its specific cause is unknown. Species of this family carry many dangerous diseases. In humans, these include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, tick-borne typhus, tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia; in cattle – Texas fever (pyroplasmosis) and anaplasmosis; in horses - encephalomyelitis and encephalitis. Ixodid ticks themselves are more or less covered with hard chitinous scutes. They lie in wait for their host in nature and, having attached themselves to him, suck blood for several days, or even weeks. Members of the genera Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus and Dermacentor can cause a condition called tick paralysis in humans and other animals; its specific cause is unknown. Species of this family carry many dangerous diseases. In humans, these include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, tick-borne typhus, tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia; in cattle – Texas fever (pyroplasmosis) and anaplasmosis; in horses - encephalomyelitis and encephalitis.

How to get rid of a tick How to get rid of a tick There are a lot of folk remedies on how to get rid of a bloodsucker, but practically none of them help. For example, pouring sunflower oil on a tick (it should slide and get out on its own) can be said with absolute certainty that such an action is absolutely powerless. There are a lot of folk remedies on how to get rid of a bloodsucker, but practically none of them help. For example, pouring sunflower oil on a tick (it should slide and get out on its own) can be said with absolute certainty that such an action is absolutely powerless.

How to get rid of a tick How to get rid of a tick The second method is to sharply pull the insect out of the victim's body. It can help, but in most cases the head remains inside and continues to function for a long time, so it’s better not to risk it. The second method is to sharply pull the insect out of the victim’s body. It may help, but in most cases the head remains inside and continues to function for a long time, so it’s better not to risk it

How to get rid of a tick How to get rid of a tick The third method, I don’t know who came up with it, but it’s very funny. So, for example, alcohol is poured onto the affected area and onto the tick itself; to help, it won’t help at all, but it will make you happy. The fact is that ticks actually get drunk. The third method, I don’t know who came up with it, but it’s very funny. So, for example, alcohol is poured onto the affected area and onto the tick itself; to help, it won’t help at all, but it will make you happy. The fact is that ticks really get drunk

How to get rid of a tick How to get rid of a tick A strong thread is tied into a knot as close to the tick's proboscis as possible, and the tick is removed by pulling it up. Sudden movements are not allowed. A strong thread is tied into a knot as close to the tick’s proboscis as possible, and the tick is removed by pulling it up. Sudden movements are not allowed.

Removing a tick Removing a tick Removing a tick must be done with caution, without squeezing its body with your hands, since this may squeeze the contents of the tick along with pathogens into the wound. It is important not to tear the tick when removing it - the remaining part in the skin can cause inflammation and suppuration. Removing a tick must be done with caution, without squeezing its body with your hands, since this may squeeze the contents of the tick along with pathogens into the wound. It is important not to tear the tick when removing it - the remaining part in the skin can cause inflammation and suppuration.

Actions after removal Actions after removal After removing the tick, place it in a small glass bottle with a tight lid and place a cotton swab lightly moistened with water. Cap the bottle and store it in the refrigerator. For microscopic diagnosis, the tick must be delivered to the laboratory alive. Even individual tick fragments are suitable for PCR diagnostics. After removing the tick, place it in a small glass bottle with a tight lid and place a cotton swab lightly moistened with water. Cap the bottle and store it in the refrigerator. For microscopic diagnosis, the tick must be delivered to the laboratory alive. Even individual tick fragments are suitable for PCR diagnostics.

Prevention from tick bites Wear light-colored clothing (it makes ticks easier to see) with long sleeves and a hood, tuck your pants into your socks. If there is no hood, wear a hat. Use repellents. Every 15 minutes, inspect your clothes, and periodically conduct a thorough check, paying special attention to the following parts of the body: neck, armpits, groin area, ears - in these places the skin is especially delicate and thin and the tick is most often attached there. Wear light-colored clothing (it makes ticks easier to see), with long sleeves and a hood, and tuck your pants into your socks. If there is no hood, wear a hat. Use repellents. Every 15 minutes, inspect your clothes, and periodically conduct a thorough check, paying special attention to the following parts of the body: neck, armpits, groin area, ears - in these places the skin is especially delicate and thin and the tick is most often attached there. Repellents

Tick ​​habitats Ticks are moisture-loving, and therefore their numbers are greatest in well-moistened places. Ticks prefer moderately shaded and moist deciduous and mixed forests with dense grass and undergrowth. There are many ticks along the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willow trees along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges and along forest paths overgrown with grass. Ticks are moisture-loving, and therefore their numbers are greatest in well-moistened places. Ticks prefer moderately shaded and moist deciduous and mixed forests with dense grass and undergrowth. There are many ticks along the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willow trees along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges and along forest paths overgrown with grass.
There are many of them at the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willow trees along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges and along forest paths and paths overgrown with grass, in a word, where you can most often meet large forest animals. There are many of them along the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willows along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges and along forest paths and paths overgrown with grass, in a word, where large forest animals can most often be found

You need to know this. With the help of hooks that are located at the very end of the front legs, the tick clings to everything that touches it. Ixodid ticks (European forest tick and taiga tick) never pounce and never fall (do not plan) on the victim from above from trees or tall bushes: ticks simply cling to their victim, who passes by and touches the blade of grass (stick) on which it sits mite. With the help of hooks that are located at the very end of the front legs, the tick clings to everything that touches it. Ixodid ticks (European forest tick and taiga tick) never pounce and never fall (do not plan) on the victim from above from trees or tall bushes: ticks simply cling to their victim, who passes by and touches the blade of grass (stick) on which it sits mite.

Tick ​​vaccination Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis begins in the fall. The second vaccination is given in March or April (two weeks before ticks begin to become active). Then you need to be vaccinated every year, and then every three years. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis begins in the fall. The second vaccination is given in March or April (two weeks before ticks begin to become active). Then you need to be vaccinated every year, and then every three years. Children are vaccinated using funds from the regional Vaccine Prevention program. The adult population living in endemic areas for tick-borne encephalitis receive vaccinations at the expense of funds allocated by local administrations and employers. The rest of the residents must be vaccinated at their own expense. Children are vaccinated at the expense of the regional Vaccine Prevention program. The adult population living in endemic areas for tick-borne encephalitis receive vaccinations at the expense of funds allocated by local administrations and employers. Other residents must be vaccinated at their own expense.

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* Dangerous insects - ixodid ticks. Prepared by: Head of the Department for the Development of Medical Care for Children and Obstetrics Service Kuksas E.P. 2010

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* Ixodid ticks (680 species): about 2 mm in size, classified as arachnids. Only female insects feed on blood.

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* Only two species are of epidemiological significance: Ixodes Persulcatus (taiga tick) in the Asian and in a number of areas of the European part, Ixodes Ricinus (European forest tick) - in the European part.

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* According to entomologists: ticks most often live in grass and low bushes. As a rule, it does not climb higher than 1 meter. The tick loves swampy deciduous places, where there is a high probability that someone making their way through the thicket will not pass by.

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* Tick attacks are very simple. He sits on a piece of grass or a twig, spreading his paws in different directions; if you touch a twig or a tick’s paw, it will definitely cling to you!

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* Very important to know: Ticks concentrate on forest paths and paths covered with grass along the side of the road. There are many times more of them here than in the surrounding forest. Studies have shown that ticks are attracted to the smell of animals and people who constantly use these paths when moving through the forest.

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* Widespread misconception: Ticks “jump” on people from birch trees? Indeed, in birch forests there are usually a lot of ticks. But the tick is in the grass and clings to clothing from blades of grass and crawls up, and is often found on the head and shoulders. This gives the false impression that the ticks fell from above.

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* How to avoid a tick bite: 1. Pay attention to the appropriate equipment of your clothing!

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* 2. Every 2 hours while in the forest, conduct a thorough examination of the body, removing and turning out clothes. After returning from the forest, conduct a full examination of the body and clothing. Do not bring into the room plucked flowers, branches, outerwear or other items that may contain ticks.

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* 3. Use preventive repellent (repellent) and insecticidal (destroying insects and ticks) preparations to treat and increase the effectiveness of the protective properties of clothing:

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* To protect children, preparations with a reduced content of repellent have been developed: these are Fthalar and Efkalat creams, Pikhtal and Evital colognes, and Kamarant. For children from 3 years of age, the use of Off-Children's cream and Biban-gel is recommended.

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* 4. Use insectoacaricidal and acaricidal agents to treat areas against ticks.

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* What to do if you find that you have already been bitten by a tick: Early and correct removal of attached ticks! Ticks, due to their physiological characteristics, do not immediately begin to feed on blood after sticking to the skin, therefore, if they are quickly detected and removed, the risk of being infected with infectious agents that are in the tick is reduced.

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* Methods for removing attached ticks: Oil treatment will not cause the tick to remove its proboscis. The oil will only kill it by blocking its breathing holes. The oil will cause the tick to regurgitate its contents into the wound, which may increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is better not to use oil.

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* 1. Using a strong thread: The thread is tied into a knot as close to the tick’s proboscis as possible, the tick is removed by pulling it up. Sudden movements are not allowed.

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* If the head with the proboscis remains in the wound, then there is nothing terrible about it. A proboscis in a wound is no worse than a splinter. If the tick's proboscis sticks out above the surface of the skin, it can be removed by holding it with tweezers and twisting it out. It can also be removed by a surgeon in a clinic. If the proboscis is left, a small abscess appears, and after a while the proboscis comes out.

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* 2. Using tweezers or fingers (common among tourists): Grab the tick with tweezers or fingers wrapped in clean gauze closer to its mouthparts. Then it is gently pulled and at the same time rotated around its axis in a convenient direction. After 1-3 turns, the entire tick is removed along with the proboscis.

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* - tweezers compress the tick's esophagus and allow saliva to enter the skin, which increases the risk of infection!

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* It is convenient to remove ticks with curved jewelry tweezers. Using thin trenches of such tweezers, you can grab the tick under the head without squeezing it. Such tweezers are used in ophthalmology and microsurgery.

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* Why is it necessary to rotate along an axis when removing a tick: the surface of the tick's proboscis is equipped with spikes directed towards the back of the tick. If you simply pull the tick, the proboscis, due to the spikes (like a fishhook), will become firmly stuck in the skin, which can cause it to tear away from the tick’s body. When rotating along the axis, the spikes curl toward the axis of rotation, and the head will not come off! The direction of rotation is not important!

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* 3. Using special devices created specifically for removing ticks: Most of them operate on the same principle - the tick is placed in a special recess and twisted out. The advantage of such devices over a clamp or tweezers is that the body of the tick is not compressed and, perhaps, the risk of infection is somewhat reduced.

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* Hook for removing ticks "TICK TWISTER" - The tick is grabbed from the side, slightly pulled and twisted.

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* Pro Tick Remedy - metal plate with recess: is a metal plate with a recess for a tick. The kit includes a magnifying glass with 5x magnification.

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* Tick Nipper - plastic pliers for capturing and removing ticks: Equipped with a magnifying glass with 20x magnification.

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* - disinfect the bite site (70% alcohol, 5% iodine, cologne, etc.) If you are not sure that you can remove the tick yourself, consult a doctor!

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* It is better to save the removed tick and send it for research - 1. Virological laboratory of the Federal State Healthcare Institution, Kostroma, st. Sverdlova, 23. (tel. – 51-61-33, 51-62-00). 2. ELISA laboratory of the First City Hospital, st. Sovetskaya, 77 (tel. – 31-45-53) Analysis is paid

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* Place the tick in a small glass bottle with a tight lid and place a cotton swab lightly moistened with water in it. Hands and tools should be thoroughly washed after removing the tick.

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* The most dangerous infections for human health transmitted through ticks and their prevention!

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* Ixodid ticks transmit human pathogens with natural focality: tick-borne encephalitis [the main carriers are the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus], tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), tick-borne typhus, relapsing tick-borne typhus, hemorrhagic fever and Q fever, tularemia , ehrlichiosis and many others.

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* Possible routes of infection: Through tick bites Eating raw milk (cottage cheese, sour cream) - goats, cows

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* Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE): TBE is caused by viruses that attack the central nervous system. Often 1-2 days before the onset of the disease: mild pain in the muscles of the neck, lower back, legs; headache; hands become weak. In the future - - Fever up to 39 degrees, nausea, vomiting, severe headache are characteristic, muscle pain increases, the psyche and consciousness are disturbed. The disease develops acutely, over several days. Threatens the development of complications in the form of paralysis. The incubation period is from 1 to 30 days.

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* Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis: 1. Vaccination - But there may be contraindications, vaccination must be carried out in advance

Be careful! Ticks!

Completed by: 4th grade student

May School Degtyarev Lleksey

Head: primary school teacher Lyudmila Georgievna Letaeva

Purpose of the study :

studying ixodid ticks as carriers of viral diseases, as well as studying measures to combat them.

Research objectives:

- Study the literature on the research topic.

-Study the history of the discovery of tick-borne encephalitis.

-Conduct a survey of medical workers and draw conclusions.

Relevance of the topic

After a long and cold winter, people tend to go out into the forest. This is a favorite place for relaxation and walks for adults and children.

But while admiring the fresh spring colors and absorbing the impressions of communicating with nature, we must not forget that in the spring forest we may encounter ticks - carriers of the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

What is tick-borne encephalitis?

Tick-borne encephalitis – a serious illness in which inflammation of the brain occurs. Its causative agent is the smallest organism from the group of viruses, which can only be seen using an electron microscope, which gives a magnification of tens and hundreds of thousands of times. The size of the tick-borne encephalitis virus is 30 millimicrons.”

This tiny organism lives in the body of a forest tick for up to 4 years. The tick is the main custodian of the pathogen in nature and the main source of human infection. Therefore, the disease was called “Tick-borne encephalitis.”

History of the study of tick-borne encephalitis

Active study of tick-borne encephalitis began in the thirties of the last century. In 1937, L.A. Zilber managed to isolate the virus that causes this pathology.

Lev Alexandrovich Zilber(1894 -1966) - Soviet immunologist and virologist, founder of the Soviet school of medical virology.

Where do ticks live?

Ticks are inhabitants of the forest. They live in the forest floor formed by fallen leaves and grass. The thicker the layer of litter, the better it warms up, the more favorable the conditions for the development and life of ticks. They are found, as a rule, in small-leaved and deciduous-coniferous forests, in which birch, aspen, gray alder, bird cherry, rowan, willow, as well as pine and spruce grow. Such forests are sufficiently lighted, and the forest floor warms up well. In coniferous-deciduous forests with a significant predominance of spruce or pine and a relatively small content of deciduous species, ticks are found in smaller numbers. They can be found in thickets of willow and gray alder located along forest roads, ditches, and fields.

Features of the structure of ticks

The body of ixodid ticks consists of two sections - the head and the body. Their integument is sometimes hard and inextensible, and sometimes soft and elastic, gathered into folds. Thanks to this structural feature of the integument, ticks are able to absorb significant portions of blood and increase their weight by 100 times or more. There is a shield on the dorsal side of the tick's body. In the male it occupies the entire surface of the body, and its integument is brown.

Tick ​​activity period

The peak activity of ticks usually begins in May, in the second half, if the spring is warm and early, then at the end of April. But they do not attack all summer, but until about the middle or end of July. By that time, most arthropods have already had time to drink blood and their activity decreases. So somewhere from the end of July you can go into the forest relatively calmly.

The tick development cycle lasts at least three years, and can last for four to five years. During this time, ticks feed only three times, while out of thousands of larvae only a few dozen adult individuals are obtained, the rest fail to survive.

• Only adult females and males are dangerous to humans, while larvae and nymphs pose no threat.

How do mites develop?

Routes of infection

Crushing and rubbing the attached tick

Bite tick

Tick ​​saliva contains blood thinners and painkillers

Eating infected raw goat and cow milk

The first signs of tick-borne encephalitis

They may appear 1 to 14 days after infection.

The first signs of tick-borne encephalitis include:

-sudden increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees;

- severe chills and weakness;

-thirst and increased sweating;

-a feeling of numbness and slight tingling in various areas of the skin;

-headaches and muscle pains;

-feeling of numbness in the lower and upper extremities;

-vomiting and lack of appetite.

In the future, the symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis quickly increase. Confusion of consciousness, paresis of the muscles of the lower and upper extremities, and spasms in the abdominal cavity appear.

Consequences of tick-borne encephalitis

Neck muscle dysfunction

Various consequences of tick-borne encephalitis can manifest themselves throughout the patient’s life. In most cases, complications develop during the treatment of the underlying disease. A person receives persistent paralysis or muscle atrophy. This makes independent movement or self-care impossible. In some cases, the consequences of tick-borne encephalitis appear several months later in the form of repeated and progressive epileptic seizures.

Complete paralysis of a limb

First aid for a tick bite

If you are not confident that you can remove the insect yourself, then immediately seek medical help. It is strictly forbidden to independently remove ticks from children under 10 years of age.

1. Lubricate the attached tick with fat (vaseline, cream, sunflower oil)

2.Wait 12-20 minutes

3. Using a thread loop or tweezers, carefully pull out the tick, shaking it from side to side

4.Try not to destroy the tick

5.Burn the removed tick or pour boiling water over it.

6. Treat the bite site with alcohol, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.

7. Wash your hands

How to protect yourself from tick-borne encephalitis?

Repellent should be applied to collars, cuffs, waistbands, and the top of socks to prevent ticks from getting under clothing.

It is necessary to conduct thorough self- and mutual examinations after 1-2 hours. This measure is simple, reliable and accessible to everyone. During examination, special attention should be paid to the hairy parts of the body, skin folds, ears, armpits and inguinal cavities. When returning home, you need to carefully check all the folds and seams of your clothing, as ticks that haven’t had time to attach themselves can crawl into them. .

Vaccination. For or against?

The simplest, most effective and safest way to protect against tick-borne viral encephalitis is vaccination. To be 100% sure of your protection from the disease, you must complete the full course of vaccination. It consists of two or three primary vaccinations and one revaccination at the intervals specified in the instructions for use of the vaccine. In the future, it is necessary to maintain immunity by re-vaccinating once every 3-5 years. .

TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF AND YOUR LOVED ONES!

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Acarology - the science of mites Type Arthropods Class Arachnids Order Mites (Acarina) suborders 1 Harvester mites 2 Acariform mites Armored Granary Hairy feather scabies Gamasaceae Argasaceae Ixodes 3 Parasitiform mites Arachnid Water mites Iron beetles Galls

Mites are a detachment of small arachnids (from 0.1 to 30 mm), uniting about 20 thousand species. The body consists of a head fused with the body and an abdomen (solid body). There are usually 6 pairs of limbs, of which the 4 hind pairs in most adults are legs. The last segment of the legs is usually armed with claws and stalk-like suckers.

The two anterior pairs grow together and form a piercing-cutting mouthparts. Usually there are 4 simple eyes. Representatives of some families have a soft body, with leathery chitinous covers, while in others it is protected by hard shields or a shell. In males it covers the entire body, in females a third.

Most species are free-living saprophages or predators. Feeding on decaying organic matter, they, like earthworms, play an important role in the formation of soil humus. Some mites feed on the sap of cultivated plants and are classified as agricultural pests.

Most often, ticks are picked up in the forest and in summer cottages. Animals, especially dogs, and even flower bouquets can “help” with this. Ticks wait sitting on the ground, grass or bushes. Tick ​​larvae do not rise higher than 30 centimeters, nymphs - no higher than 1 meter, and adult ticks - 1.5 meters. They respond to heat and smell. Ticks do not jump, fly, or fall from trees onto their victims. In order for a tick to get on the body, you need to walk in close proximity to it.

The tick is in no hurry; it searches for a long time and thoroughly for the bite site. Therefore, you can have time to remove the tick before it bites. In humans, ticks most often attach themselves to the neck, chest, armpits, and groin folds. Special attention must be paid to these places during inspections.

Having chosen a place to bite, the tick bites through the skin and inserts its proboscis into the wound. Tick ​​saliva has an analgesic effect and prevents blood clotting. The tick's proboscis is covered with chitinous outgrowths, and the saliva hardens and additionally cements it, so it is difficult to pull the tick out. Having chosen a place to bite, the tick bites through the skin and inserts its proboscis into the wound. Tick ​​saliva has an analgesic effect and prevents blood clotting. The tick's proboscis is covered with chitinous outgrowths, and the saliva hardens and additionally cements it, so it is difficult to pull the tick out.

Even if you are bitten by a carrier tick, this does not mean that you can catch the infection. It all depends on the amount of saliva that enters the body. A sucked ixodid tick resembles a well-oiled pump: per minute it performs from 2 to 60 acts of suction, strictly separated by acts of injecting saliva. The tick bite itself is not dangerous. The infections that ticks can transmit are dangerous. But not every tick contains pathogens

Female ticks feed for about 6 days, absorbing an incredible amount of blood, a well-fed female becomes the size of the phalanx of the little finger, her integument acquires a dirty gray color with a metallic tint, and her weight increases by more than a hundred times compared to the weight of a hungry individual. Well-fed females, leaving their host, crawl in search of a place to lay eggs ().

It is most convenient to remove the tick with curved tweezers or a surgical clamp. The tick is captured as close to the proboscis as possible. Then it is gently pulled and at the same time rotated around its axis in a convenient direction. After 1-3 turns, the entire tick is removed along with the proboscis. If you try to pull the tick out, there is a high probability of rupture.

When removing a tick, you do not need to: Apply caustic liquids, ammonia, gasoline, and others to the bite site. Burn the tick with a cigarette. If you jerk the tick sharply, it will break off. Picking at the wound with a dirty needle. Apply various compresses to the bite site. Squeeze the tick with your fingers When removing a tick, do not: Apply caustic liquids, ammonia, gasoline, and others to the bite site. Burn the tick with a cigarette. If you jerk the tick sharply, it will break off. Picking at the wound with a dirty needle. Apply various compresses to the bite site. Squeeze the tick with your fingers If the head with the proboscis remains in the wound, then there is nothing terrible about it. A proboscis in a wound is no worse than a splinter.

The tick is removed in a circular motion (or unscrewed), and not by stretching. In this case, the spines of the proboscis will curl toward the axis of rotation and the head of the tick will not come off. The head with cutting chelicerae is attached to the body very movably. During feeding, it plunges deeply into the skin and is anchored there by a special suboral outgrowth - the hypostome - with teeth directed backwards.

K On the territory of Russia, the main carriers of tick-borne encephalitis are two types of ticks. These are the taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus) and the dog tick (Ixodes ricinus). The taiga tick is common in the forests of Siberia and the Far East. The dog tick is found in the European part of Russia and the countries of Central and Northern Europe.

However, not all ticks contain the encephalitis virus. That is, the encephalitis tick is not a special species, but a tick infected with the encephalitis virus. Both forest ticks and dog ticks carry pathogens of many diseases. Including tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis.

Tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the Borrelia burgdorferi group. It is transmitted only by the bite of an infected tick. Borreliosis can take a chronic course, manifesting itself in damage to the joints, skin, heart, and nervous system. But, in the early stages, it is well treated with antibiotics.

Scabies is far from a “simple” disease, although the scabies mite that causes it has been known since the 12th century. This same scabies mite (also called itching) is extremely prolific, which is why the disease spreads very quickly throughout the body, and scabies is a contagious skin disease. A person becomes infected with it through direct contact with a sick person, as well as when using his clothes, towels, toys and other items.

In 95% of cases, scabies infection occurs when a mite is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person. The relative rarity of the indirect route of infection is explained by the rather weak viability of the tick in the external environment. More often, the pathogen is transmitted through the common use of bedding, washcloths, toys, and writing instruments.

Microscopic dust mites. microscopic dust mites. Household dust may contain pet hair and dander, feather fragments, insect particles, human hair and skin, mold spores, nylon, fiberglass, sand, fabric and paper particles, and tiny fragments of materials from which walls, furniture and household items are made. But the main up to 80% and most harmful part of house dust is

Small fragments of mites (from 10 to 40 microns) and their metabolic products have an exceptional ability to cause allergies. 1 gram of house dust contains: from 2000 mites;