Actual problems in the field of social services. Problems and prospects of social services in the Russian Federation Problems of organization and operation of social service centers

Social service concept

Considering the issue of the features and problems of social services, let's figure out what it is.

In modern theoretical science, it is customary to believe that social services are a direction of social work, part of the social policy of the state, within the framework of which the state provides social assistance and support to the population in need with the aim of its adaptation and harmonious development.

Features of social services

The peculiarities of social services lie in its understanding. Since social services are considered part of the social policy of the state, the state has a leading role in this area of activity. The institute of non-governmental social service organizations has just begun its formation.

Despite the relative youth of the institution of non-state social services, it is intended to supplement the state system of social services by diversifying the content of social services, increasing the volume of services and improving their quality and quality of service provision.

Remark 1

In connection with the significant role of the non-state sector, it is worth noting that the state should assist in the formation of a system of both state and non-state aid, since it is the state that has many opportunities to form a complementary system for the provision of social services.

At present, the system of social services is undergoing changes, being in the process of forming a network of social institutions, taking into account, when providing social services, the specifics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, their economic situation, the characteristics of culture and climate, etc.

The system of social services in our country began its formation during the period of crises, both economic and socio-cultural, which required a change in the conceptual framework of social work and the formation of a personnel base, as well as changes in the regulatory framework in the field of social services.

At the moment, the economic situation in Russia determines the scale, content and specifics of social services provided to the population. The current economic situation is characterized by:

increasing the scale of social services,
an increase in the number of social services;
an increase in the number of the population in need of social support.

Remark 2

A new round in the development of the social service system was the adoption of a new federal law "On the fundamentals of social services for the population" legal acts in this area and created an opportunity for the formation of a non-state sector of social services.

Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them

Financing social services.

The economic situation in our country is developing in such a way that the number of people in need of social services is growing. Meanwhile, the amount of resources is still limited. With simple calculations, in conditions of limited resources and an increase in the number of those in need of them, a situation of a shortage of resources inevitably develops. One of the large-scale problems of social services for the population is insufficient funding. An attempt to improve the situation was made with the adoption of a new federal law on the fundamentals of social services, which provides opportunities for the development of the non-state sector of social services, as well as defining the list of paid services, respectively, allocating revenues from the provision of social services as a separate source of financing for this area of social work.

Insufficient regulatory framework.

The adoption of the new law on social services solved many legal problems in the field of delimitation and transfer of powers in the field of social services to the municipal level, where assistance to the population is more targeted. The new law does not contain the concept of a difficult life situation, it was replaced by circumstances that are the grounds for the provision of social services. Also, the innovation of the federal law on social services was the introduction of an individual program for the recipient of social services, taking into account the conditions and needs of the consumer of social services.

Remark 3

At the moment, the law of social security and social services as its institution require the adoption of a codified normative act.

Lack of qualified personnel.

Despite the fact that the institution of social work has been forming in Russia for more than a decade, the question of the staffing of social services remains open. This area of work is characterized by low wages and high psychological wear and tear, which is the reason for the unpopularity of the profession of a specialist in social work in educational institutions.

Underdeveloped non-state sector of social services for the population.

The adoption of the law on the fundamentals of social services opened up some additional opportunities for the development of the non-state sector. It is necessary to strengthen the role and participation of public and religious organizations in social service activities.

Inequality of the resource base of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in social services.

The problem of inequality can be solved by the distribution of resources between the subjects, taking into account the peculiarities of regional social services, living conditions, regional economy, etc. It is also possible to provide regions with greater powers in the field of social services, the possible use and development of regional forms of social services.

Thus, summing up the above, we note that social services are a mechanism for solving social problems of society, social groups and individuals in particular, therefore, social services should be built with a focus on the priority of human rights and freedoms.

Social services are an objective need of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. However, at present, the level of efficiency of social services is not high enough. This is due to various factors, among which, first of all, economic... It is expressed in a lack of funding for the social services sector, which leads to a low quality of social services, their inaccessibility, a staff shortage of social workers, and poor material and technical equipment of social service institutions.

The next factor hindering the successful development of the institution of social services is imperfection of legislation, its inconsistency and fragmentation, duplication of some acts by others. Often, there are no clearly formulated concepts of a particular type of social service. This creates difficulties in study and law enforcement practice.

In Russian society, there are a large number of people with signs of disability. It is no secret that the country has recently experienced a deterioration in the state of health of the nation, aging of society, low security, unemployment.

Obviously, in the area under consideration, solutions require problems in two main areas: socio-economic development and legislative regulation. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p = 1383 (date accessed: 08.12.14)

Social service reform measures are needed to address many of the issues. In particular, a transition to a funded system in the field of social services is needed - social insurance when citizens at the expense of personal contributions to the fund being formed will be able to receive social services when they find themselves in a difficult life situation.

A measure that can change the financial situation is the creation state off-budget fund social services, which will allow to concentrate the available income (tax and others), and in the future to spend them exclusively in the field of social services.

The next step can be development non-state social service systems, in particular, strengthening the role of public organizations (trade unions, religious organizations, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.).

Reforming the social service sector also requires a policy of regional alignment With the aim of creating an equal level of social services throughout the country. However, it is important here to avoid an equalizing approach and to apply individual measures to different regions. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p = 1383 (date accessed: 08.12.14)

One of the measures to improve the situation in the field of social services is to provide regions with search opportunities additional non-standard solutions, for example, encouraging philanthropic activities, developing non-traditional social services such as a home sanatorium or a social service facility on wheels.

In the field of protection of persons with disabilities - one of the most vulnerable categories, it is necessary: increase in volume and quality, manufactured prosthetic and orthopedic products, rehabilitation means; an increase in the number of institutions, specializing in similar production; equipment places for teaching people with disabilities in educational institutions, expanding the network of specialized educational institutions.

As part of improving legislation, it is necessary to adopt a codified act at the level of law, regulating basic issues in the field of social services. This will help streamline and systematize the existing legislation on social services.

In further work with the legislative framework, it matters expansion of the subject composition of those in need, departure from the concept of social services, as an institution that regulates the relations of a narrow circle of subjects, only the elderly, the disabled and the poor.

Social services for the population is a mechanism that allows you to practically solve complex issues of the life of society, the family and the individual. Therefore, it is important that social priorities and guarantees are firmly fixed in the legislation. Gradually, a new model of the social service system should be built that meets the current needs of society and the economic capabilities of the state. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p = 1383 (date accessed: 08.12.14)

Analysis of indicators of the implementation of social services on the example of the municipalities "Kotlas" and "Kotlas district"

The main indicators of the implementation of social services on the example of the municipalities "Kotlas" and "Kotlas district" are presented in Appendix 4.

Figure 1 - Age structure of male social services at home

Based on the figure, it can be concluded that the majority of the male population who receive social services at home is between the ages of 80 and 89.

Figure 2 - Age structure of female social services at home

Based on the figure, it can be concluded that the majority of the female population who receive social services at home is between the ages of 80 and 89.

Figure 3 - Age structure of a specialized department of social and medical services at home for a male

Based on the figure, it can be concluded that the majority of the male population in the specialized department of social and mental services at home is between the ages of 60 and 74.

Figure 4 - Age structure of the specialized department of social and medical services at home for women

Based on the figure, it can be concluded that the majority of the female population in the specialized department of social and mental services at home is between the ages of 80 and 89.

The right to social services is an objective necessity for those citizens who need social services who find themselves in a difficult life situation. A fairly large number of people live in Russia who, for various reasons, cannot serve themselves and are limited in their life.

Statistics indicate that the health of citizens is deteriorating, there are many aging and disabled people, there is unemployment and poverty of the population.

Population aging is a problem not only for the Russian Federation, but also for a significant number of countries around the world. One of the trends observed in recent decades in the developed countries of the world is an increase in the absolute number and relative proportion of older people in the population.

Therefore, the state is obliged to assume obligations to help preserve and extend the full life of every person, to recognize its duty to him and to support his social, labor, educational and creative activity. To carry out the full-scale functions of social assistance, support and social security in the Russian Federation, a system of social protection operates.

Unfortunately, at the moment in Russia the quality and level of social services are not in the best condition. The issues of the implementation of state policy in the social sphere have now acquired particular relevance. The transition to a socially oriented policy requires the creation of an effective and developed system for providing social protection to the population. Therefore, social policy focuses primarily on the problems of social security and services for the elderly, support for people with disabilities and families with children. As noted, in our country there is “a tendency towards an increase in the population of the number of elderly and disabled people. This is accompanied by a deterioration in their health and limitations in self-care. The need for various types of rehabilitation services is experienced by 80% of disabled elderly and disabled people. More than 30% are in need of constant outside help and social and medical services. " In the process of aging of the human body, a person has a risk of acquiring chronic diseases; at any time, medical, rehabilitation assistance, the care of another person may be needed. The elderly often have problems not only in the medical field, but also psychological and social problems. Social problems are associated, as a rule, with a low and even extremely low material standard of living, the inability to buy all the necessary (often expensive) medicines and medical equipment, to seek paid medical care, etc. And the benefits and benefits provided by the state cannot solve all the material problems of such old needy people. Psychological problems mainly arise due to the fact that elderly people who have retired and quit their labor activity begin to experience a lack of communication and a feeling of loneliness, uselessness. The need for outsiders, including medical care, among elderly people is several times higher than among people of working age. Being alone at home, older people cannot always cope with health problems on their own. Elderly patients need long-term supportive therapy and outside care, medical and social assistance. If we talk about medical and social assistance, then it is a set of measures of a medical, social, psychological, pedagogical, rehabilitation and legal nature, carried out at the state and regional levels and is aimed at meeting the basic needs of a socially vulnerable category of citizens (elderly citizens, as well as people with disabilities - disabled people). This assistance is provided by inpatient institutions, both in the health sector and in the social services of citizens. It aims to provide therapeutic interventions and care to restore and maintain health and self-care abilities. In addition to government agencies and organizations, there are also commercial, paid institutions (private boarding houses) for the elderly and disabled people who are in need of medical and social services. Both in public and private organizations that provide medical and social services to citizens in need, all services provided should be aimed at meeting a wide range of needs of their patients: comfortable accommodation, good nutrition, professional medical care, health-improving and rehabilitation procedures, psychological support. But not all institutions have sufficient capabilities to meet the needs for medical and social assistance of all citizens who have applied.

After all, the continuous growth of the elderly population increases the burden on the health services and social services, but the lack of financial resources leads to problems in the provision of medical and social assistance to the elderly and the disabled.

There is an inextricable link between the quality of health care delivery and the level of social services. Both organizations providing social services and their employees should do their utmost to improve medical care, medical and social assistance, and for this, carry out various activities aimed at the proper functioning of these social organizations.

Negative phenomena occurring in the field of social services are observed: a decrease in the dynamics of the development of social service institutions; low quality of the current state of this sector; unsatisfactory social and economic situation of social workers; insufficient financial, material and technical, personnel and information support for the activities of social service institutions. As already mentioned, among the serious reasons why the goal of rehabilitation of disabled people and other people in need of this is not always achieved, there are problems of lack of professionalism in the work of medical personnel, lack of development of rehabilitation techniques, and so on. Therefore, for successful rehabilitation, it is necessary to take into account the complex of medical, socio-psychological, professional aspects, as well as the personal characteristics of patients. Also, one of the solutions to the problems of organizing and operating stationary social services for the rehabilitation of disabled people is the optimization of the structure of institutions, the reconstruction of existing and construction of new buildings.

It is necessary to expand new promising types of social service institutions: small-capacity boarding houses for elderly citizens and disabled people.

Reforming the system of social services for the population should be aimed at taking measures to overcome the shortage of places in stationary social institutions by moving these institutions from ecologically unfavorable areas and creating acceptable living conditions in them.

Thus, the provision of affordable medical care for the elderly and disabled is impossible without the creation of an extensive system of specialized rehabilitation institutions. And social programs at all levels remain an effective tool for responding to the problems of the elderly population.

So, the state of the social service system is influenced by a combination of various factors. One of the most important reasons is economic. The economic factor is expressed in the lack of funding, sponsoring the social services sector. This, in turn, affects the efficiency of the provision of social services to the population, leads to the inaccessibility of social services for some categories of citizens. Due to the shortage of funds allocated to this area, there is an outflow of labor, often highly professional, personnel - social workers who provide relevant services.

The equipment and technical equipment of many social service organizations and institutions is also in decline.

One of the important impulses to change the existing social tension and social reality will be the development and functioning of the system of non-state social services, support and strengthening of the role of trade unions, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.

BU "KTSSON Kolosovsky district" carries out the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, social and pedagogical, social

psychological, social and legal services, social and labor services, services, in order to increase the communicative potential of recipients of social services with disabilities, including disabled children, urgent social services, in accordance with

with Federal laws, Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, government documents, regional laws.

The basis for considering the issue of providing social services is a written or electronic application submitted by a citizen or his legal representative

A citizen is recognized as needing social services if the following circumstances exist that worsen or may worsen the conditions of his life:

1) complete or partial loss of the ability or ability to carry out self-service, move independently, provide basic life needs due to illness, injury, age or disability;
2) the presence of a disabled or disabled person in the family, including a disabled child or disabled children who need constant outside care;
3) the presence of a child or children (including those under guardianship, guardianship) experiencing difficulties in social adaptation;
4) lack of opportunity to provide care (including temporary) for a disabled person, child, children, as well as lack of care over them;
5) the presence of an intra-family conflict, including with persons with drug or alcohol addiction, persons who are addicted to gambling, persons suffering from mental disorders, the presence of domestic violence;
6) lack of a definite place of residence, including for a person who has not reached the age of twenty-three and has completed his stay in an organization for orphans and children left without parental care;
7) lack of work and livelihood;
8) the presence of other circumstances that worsen or may worsen the living conditions of citizens.

The UMTSD in the Kolosovsky District decides to recognize a citizen in need of social services or to refuse social services. The recipient of social services is compiled

an individual program for the provision of social services, which indicates the form of social services, types, volume, frequency, conditions, terms for the provision of social services, a list of recommended providers of social services, as well as measures for social support. An individual program is drawn up based on the needs of a citizen for social services, revised depending on changes in this need, but at least once every three years. The revision of the individual program is carried out taking into account the results of the implemented individual program.

The institution is also working to provide material assistance to citizens and families in difficult life situations.

According to the decree of the Government of the Omsk region dated August 27, 2008 No. 153-p, social contracts are concluded with citizens for the breeding of private household plots.

In order to implement the decree of the Government of the Omsk region of June 5, 2013 No. 123-p "On improving social services in the Omsk region and the establishment of a monthly payment for persons caring for elderly citizens, disabled people of group 1.2 and adult incapacitated citizens", the institution organized work on the organization of foster families.

In the BU "KTSSON Kolosovsky district" there is a mobile service that carries out trips together with specialists from the district's institutions to remote settlements.

The institution's specialists provide advice on issues of social and social and medical support of life, psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and legal protection. Assistance is provided in professional, social and psychological rehabilitation for disabled people, persons with disabilities, juvenile delinquents, and other citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation and need rehabilitation services.

BU "KTSSON Kolosovsky district" in its activities is faced with various problems, inextricably linked with the socio-economic development of the district, the standard of living of citizens in need of social services, the territorial location of the district.

There remains a serious and urgent problem of organizing the provision of social and home services to elderly citizens and disabled people living in remote and sparsely populated areas (the remoteness of villages from the administrations of rural settlements, the lack of social infrastructure, regular bus routes, poor roads). Services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people living in rural areas require large physical costs (digging vegetable gardens, sawing firewood, weeding and hilling potatoes), but the burden on social workers is increased (8 served in the private sector and 10 in the well-maintained sector).

It is very important that the mobile service makes trips to remote settlements together with specialized doctors, pharmacists, shoe repairmen, etc., because it is in remote villages that most elderly people live, who sometimes are not able to take the bus to the district center.

There are many citizens in the home social services departments who have almost completely lost the ability to self-service. Often, social workers have to wash things, which is not their responsibility and takes a lot of time. The wards refuse to pay extra for this type of service, considering it the duty of social workers. Social workers, feeling sorry for their servants, voluntarily agree to this work, and many simply take things to their homes, and then return them clean and ironed. With the opening of a social laundry facility at the KTSSON, this problem would be solved.

Thus, it is necessary to consider the problems arising in the provision of social services to the citizens of the district, and find the most optimal ways to solve them:

1. Organize the provision of services that require large physical expenditures to elderly citizens and disabled people living in rural areas (digging vegetable gardens, sawing firewood, weeding and hilling potatoes), but redistribute the workload of social workers by uniting them into teams. (load: 8 serviced in the private sector and 10 in the well-maintained sector);
2. To organize visits of the mobile service together with doctors and pharmacists to remote settlements to provide services to people with limited mobility;
3. To solve the problem of washing linen of citizens who are served in the Complex Center and who have almost completely lost the ability to self-service, it is necessary to open a social laundry at the institution.