Ready business plan beef cattle breeding. Breeding beef cows: features and prospects. Existing livestock industries

Cultivation of dairy and beef cattle - the livestock industry in our time, unfortunately, is not particularly profitable. However, with the right approach to business, it is still possible to get a relatively good profit from such an enterprise.

In order to establish a good business, the farmer needs to take care of choosing the most suitable breed of cows, build a comfortable barn for the animals and provide them with high-quality feed. Also, a novice entrepreneur will need to draw up a detailed business plan for breeding cattle.

Where to start: company registration

Before starting the construction of a farm, an entrepreneur needs to take care of its legalization. Most often, such enterprises are formalized either asKFK (peasant farm) orLPH (personal utility)or just as an IP. A cattle breeding farm should be registered under a special code (livestock). In this case, taxes in the future will not have to pay too much.Currently, farmers consider CFC to be the most profitable type of registration. The owner of such an enterprise can also choose the most suitable taxation system for himself.

Rbreeding of dairy and meat cattle in our time -supported by the state as well. The owners of such an enterprise can even count on a small financial support (about 60 thousand rubles). Funds are issued for the organization of a barn, mainly to individual entrepreneurs. You can get money at the local employment service.

Direction of activity

Most often, cows in our country are bred for milk production. However, sometimes these animals are also kept for meat. Before starting the construction of a farm, an entrepreneur, of course, needs to decide on the direction of the business. If there are large enterprises for the production of sausages, stews and other similar products in the vicinity, it may make sense to organize a "meat" farm. Otherwise, it is better to focus on such a popular product as milk. There are enterprises for its processing in almost every city in Russia.

Choosing a place for a farm

Composingbusiness plan for breeding cattle,this issue should also be given maximum attention.Place underbarn neededchoose correctly. Sheds dshould be located, of course,at some distance from residential buildings and territories of settlements. Before buying a plot or entering into a lease agreement, you should make sure that there is water for the well in this place.

Also, when choosing land, the farmer should also take into account the expected livestock.. It is believed that one cow should account for:

perennialgrassy meadows - 0.5-0.7 ha;

annual and silage - 0.15-0.25 ha.

Also, next to the farm, agricultural enterprises engaged in the cultivation of root crops and grains should be located.

Staff

Breeding cows as a business is a complex business. And it will most likely be impossible to cope with it alone. In addition to building a barn and identifying places to purchase feed, an entrepreneur who decides to breed cattle will also need to think about hiring workers for the farm. It is believed that an enterprise of such specialization cannot do without:

milkmaid;

Rlaborers.

In some cases, the owner of the farm can take on some of the responsibilities (keeping records, marketing).

Profitability calculation

The costs of organizing a cattle farm are usually significant. So, building a cowshedsmallsizes(for 7 cows and 3 bulls) will costapproximately at200 thousand roubles. Breeding adult animals cost about 200-300 rubles. per kilogram of weight. The weight of such cows is on average 700 kg. That is, about 200 thousand rubles will have to be paid for 10 animals. Registration of entrepreneurial activity will cost about 20 thousand rubles. Thus, the actual organization of the farm will cost at least 420 thousand rubles.

Breeding dairy cattle for productivity, just like meat, also involves the cost of animal feed and wages to employees.

Farmers usually buy feed per cow for about 40-45 thousand rubles a year. Thus, 400-450 thousand rubles will have to be spent on 10 goals. Employees will need to pay:

one milkmaid - at least 15 thousand rubles. per month;

one handyman 13 thousand;

Approximately per month28 thousand roubles.,and per year336 thousand roubles. That is, the cost of maintaining the farm per year will be 450,000 +336 000 = 786 thousand rubles Also, the farmer will have to pay taxes (depending on the chosen scheme) and spend money on equipment repairs.

When compiling a business plan for breeding cattle, the estimated income should also be calculated. They will depend on the cost of products supplied to the market. The price per kilogram of milk at retail in the market is approximately 50 rubles. One breeding cow can give for lactation - 4000-6000 kg. Consequently, when selling milk at retail from 7 animals a year, it will be possible to receive about 1,750,000 rubles.

Based on these figures, it will not be difficult to roughly calculate the profitability of a dairy farm. The cost of keeping beef cows will be about the same. Income is determined taking into account the cost of a kilogram of meat. On the market for this product they ask for an average400 r. Weightslaughter age bulls is 500-800 kg (live). The yield of meat in this case can be equal to 50-65%, that is, about 300 kg. Thus, the income from one animal will be 120,000 rubles. From 10 bulls you can get 1,200,000 rubles.

Business plan for breeding cattle: which breed to choose

So, the net profit from a cattle breeding farm of 10 animals per year can be approximately 500 thousand rubles. However, not every cow can give 6000 kg of milk, and not every bull-calf can gain 800 kg of weight. Therefore, a farmer who wants to make a profit from his enterprise must approach the choice of breed responsibly.

The most productive dairy cow today, of course, is the Holstein. With good care, such cows can produce up to 9 thousand kg of product per year. Also popular with Russian farmers are such breeds as:

red steppe;

black-and-white;

Kholmogory, etc.

All these cows, depending on the conditions of detention, give 4-6 thousand kg of milk during the lactation period. Of course, it is most profitable to keep Holstein cows on the farm. However, this cattle, unfortunately, is quite demanding in terms of care. Therefore, a novice farmer, most likely, should still choose a “simpler” breed. In the future, it will be possible to think about buying Holsteins.

Breeding beef cattle will be the most profitable business when choosing bulls of breeds:

Hereford;

Belgian;

white Aquitaine.

Construction of farms for breeding cattle

The productivity of cows will depend, among other things, on how good the conditions for keeping them will be provided by the owner. Therefore, the construction of sheds should be approached with all responsibility. The size of the farm is determined based on the fact that one animal should have approximately 20 m 3 of free space. The barn plan should include:

stalls with manure, feed and cross passages;

feed preparation room;

rooms for storing inventory, vaccinations, staff.

The meat cattle farm should also be equipped with a mini-slaughterhouse and a refrigeration compartment.

Of course, in the winter season, the sheds must be heated. Therefore, it will be necessary to equip a boiler room in the barn. Also, the farm project should include a ventilation scheme for the premises.

It will, of course, be problematic for an entrepreneur to build even a small barn for 10 heads on his own. In any case, you will have to hire a construction team. To build a large farm, you may also need specialists who are ready to draft a barn for a fee.

It is believed that inexpensive foam blocks are best suited as a material for building a farm. Also today on the market there are ready-made barns made of metal structures. Their advantages are the speed of assembly and relatively low cost.

Stern

To get a lot of milk or meat, the farm owner will have to develop a suitable diet for the animals. Feed cows:

concentrates;

roughage;

root crops.

Grain or special compound feeds are usually used as concentrates. Roughage is primarily hay. Juicy - beets, carrots, potatoes. Such a diet is provided for cattle in winter. In summer, cows are usually driven out to pasture. Cows are in the meadow all day. The owner of a small farm can arrange grazing with a shepherd from a nearby village. The owner of a large enterprise, most likely, will have to hire such an employee separately. Concentrated feed and root crops are given to cows in the summer in the morning and in the evening.

In addition to grain, hay, grass, beets and silage, cows should also receive vitamins, as well as microelements necessary for their body. Therefore, the owner of the farm will need to purchase various premix additives for them.

Often the owners of cowsheds include in the diet of their pets and feed prepared according to special recipes in an industrial way. With their use, the cultivation of cattle and its maintenance are more expensive. But the productivity of cows also increases. When using compound feed in the diet, it is not necessary to include additional premixes in it. They are included in the industrial compositions initially.

Hotels

In addition to stalls and utility rooms, a barn for young animals should also be included in the design of the barn. Dairy calves are taken away from their mother almost immediately. They are fed artificially. After all, milk in this case is the main product of the farm. At meat enterprises for breeding cattle, young animals are left with a suckling cow. This contributes to faster calf weight gain and reduced mortality.

Vaccinations and sanitation rules

The benefits of maintaining a farm can be obtained, albeit not too large, but quite acceptable. However, novice farmers often face such a serious problem as the loss of livestock, and, accordingly, the loss of funds invested in the business.

Some cattle diseases are fatal, others can lead to a significant reduction in productivity. Moreover, infections in barns usually spread very quickly. Therefore, the sanitary condition of the premises for cattle should be given maximum attention. The cattle farm should be cleaned daily. In addition, animals need to be vaccinated.

Hiring a veterinarian on a small farm is, of course, superfluous. In most cases, the owners of such farms, if vaccination is necessary, simply invite specialists from the nearest veterinary clinic for a fee. On a large farm, a doctor of this specialization, of course, should be hired.

The most common cattle diseases are:

brucellosis;

leukemia;

leptospirosis;

mad cow disease;

tuberculosis.

From which diseases it is worth vaccinating cows in a particular region and with what frequency, you should find out in the district veterinary clinic in the epidemic prevention department.

Creating a farm: marketing products

Thus, it is quite difficult to organize a cattle breeding enterprise. It is also relatively costly. But it is even more difficult in our time to find markets. The cost of milk and meat given in the article above is retail. If the farm is designed for only 10 animals, it is possible that the owner will be able to find direct markets for it. When expanding an enterprise with retail sales, certain difficulties may arise. The owner of a large farm will most likely have to sell products in bulk - to enterprises of the corresponding specialization. In this case, the price per liter of milk or a kilogram of meat will be much lower. When calculating the possible profit, this must be taken into account.

Sale of calves

Profit owners of a farm with cattle can receive not only from the sale of milk or meat. Many owners of such enterprises are also engaged in such a business as breeding cattle. Thoroughbred calves are quite expensive today. There are always quite a lot of hunters to acquire such animals. The price of one thoroughbred calf on the market today is about 12 thousand rubles.

Instead of a conclusion

As you can see, the construction of cattle breeding farms is a rather complicated and responsible business. Profit from such an enterprise, of course, can be obtained. However, it will be necessary to spend money on organizing a business of such specialization thoroughly. In any case, of course, you need to have certain skills in keeping this variety of farm animals. Such a business is suitable, most likely, only for a person who is familiar with the basics of keeping cattle firsthand.

Igor Nikolaev

Reading time: 5 minutes

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Livestock as a business is one of the most promising areas in the field of agriculture, which, with the right approach, can bring significant profits even in times of crisis.

Of course, this type of entrepreneurial activity requires certain capital investments (for example, for the purchase of feed and for the maintenance of farm animals), but their payback is characterized by the shortest terms. If you get down to business wisely, then a livestock business started from scratch can make you a successful and financially independent person in a few years.

Recently, the livestock business in Russia has become increasingly popular.

The following external factors contribute to its rapid development:

availability of state programs to support domestic producers;
the constant rise in food prices;
livestock products are a category of essential goods;
in this area there is a wide choice of a wide variety of areas for entrepreneurial activity.

Taking into account the above factors, it is safe to say that animal husbandry as a business from scratch is a very promising and quite profitable activity, which, with a certain start-up capital, can bring a fairly significant and stable income.

A novice farmer at the first stage must take the following steps:

determine the direction of the future business;
develop yourself or with the help of qualified specialists a good livestock business plan;
Invest start-up capital in agricultural machinery and animals;
officially register as a private entrepreneur or legal entity;
apply for financial support to the relevant state authorities.

The organization of a business in animal husbandry, like any business, is associated with certain difficulties. It is best to start your own business in an area of \u200b\u200bactivity that is familiar to you and which is of interest to you.

A business idea in animal husbandry when creating a new enterprise should be one that would allow you to achieve a positive result in a short time at minimal financial cost.

After studying in practice the chosen technology for the production of livestock products, in the future you can think about increasing the scale of your business.

Existing livestock industries

It is necessary to develop a livestock business plan based on the existing branches of farm animal breeding:

cattle breeding (breeding of dairy or beef cattle);
poultry farming;
pig breeding:
sheep breeding;
horse breeding;
rabbit breeding;
fur farming (breeding of fur-bearing animals);
beekeeping;
fish farming.

Cattle breeding is considered the most profitable branch of animal husbandry.

Entrepreneurs engaged in this type of activity produce milk and meat (and often both at the same time). Poultry farming is considered to be no less profitable business. Sufficient ease of breeding poultry at home and the consistently high demand for poultry meat and eggs enable poultry farmers to earn serious stable profits.

The third most popular, but recently rapidly developing business area is pig farming. This type of business is capable of generating high income, but in order to achieve good success in it, you need to be prepared for significant investments of effort and money.

The most economically sustainable and profitable option is the creation of a large-scale farm with broad specialization.

However, it is worth remembering that organizing such an agricultural enterprise from scratch is almost impossible. If you develop a competent good business plan and strictly follow all the points prescribed in it, then, starting with a small enterprise, you can eventually create a large livestock intersectoral complex. At the very beginning of your entrepreneurial journey, your main tasks are to return the funds invested at the start and receive the first profit.

Depending on the amount of capital invested and the livestock sector you have chosen, the payback period can be from six months to two years. To get any significant profit from a small business, it must be developed to a certain scale. For example, if your area is cattle breeding, then a herd of 20-30 heads is unlikely to bring you much profit. It is necessary to constantly increase the number of livestock, buy more equipment and increase the staff, striving to increase your herd to one hundred heads at least in a year.

If you do not understand anything in animal husbandry, you should not immediately invest in it with large amounts of money.

It is best to start small, for example, buy and try to raise, say, five bulls. In the process of work, you will understand whether this type of entrepreneurial activity is right for you and whether it is worth doing it at all.

The first question of a novice breeder always remains - "who is the most profitable to grow?"

Let's try to figure out which animals are best to start with:

№	Helpful information
1	Rabbits come first. If you have zero experience in the care and maintenance of farm animals, this is the best option to try your hand at the livestock business. The main advantage of this species of animals is their precocity. In just a month, the weight of rabbits increases twelve times! In addition, everyone has heard about the extraordinary fertility of the eared. Even with four or five rabbits at the first stage, in just a year you can get about three hundred kilograms of dietary rabbit meat and about two hundred rabbit skins. These figures indicate the commercial attractiveness and usefulness of this business area.
2	nutria. With the right approach, this livestock business idea can generate a very decent income. One carcass of this animal weighing 5 kilograms costs up to $ 25. With the right organization of the technological process and proper care, one nutria family is able to produce meat products worth $350 per month. If your goal is the shurkas of these animals, then they must be grown within 9–10 months.
3	goat breeding. The main products of these animals are milk, which has a number of useful and nutritious qualities, and valuable goat down. The good demand for these products and the unpretentiousness of these animals makes it possible for even beginner breeders to make good money;
4	a little more difficult to breed turkeys. Despite the fact that their breeding is associated with certain difficulties regarding their maintenance, this type of poultry brings excellent income to poultry farmers. With a competent approach and skillful organization of the process, all initial investments are returned in 8-10 months. It is during this time that the weight of an adult turkey reaches 20-25 kilograms. Demand for this high-quality dietary poultry meat is constantly at a high level in any state of the economy, and therefore there are usually no problems with the sale of farmed products.
5	domestic pig breeding. Pigs are also early maturing farm animals. With the proper level of care and high quality of feed resources, in six months the animal gains weight in the region of 100 kilograms. One sow is capable of producing offspring once or twice a year, therefore, in addition to selling the meat itself, you can make good money selling dairy pigs
6	raising bulls. Beef is always in constant demand and almost never gets cheaper. Therefore, raising beef bulls is one of the most profitable livestock business ideas. High-quality care and proper nutrition make it possible to achieve an animal weight of 200 - 235 kilograms in a year and a half

Stern

For a novice livestock entrepreneur, buying feed is the most significant financial cost item.

Trying to save on the quality of feed products, you can cause irreparable harm to animals and generally be left with nothing. Therefore, experts strongly recommend not to save on this item of expenditure. It is best to buy feed in bulk from manufacturers whose reputation and experience in the feed industry is quite large. In addition to grain and hay, it is also necessary to purchase special feed additives that stimulate rapid weight gain.

Since the main livestock products are always in demand on the market, there are usually no problems with their sale. Beginning livestock breeders and poultry farmers sell milk. meat, eggs and other products either in city markets, or at farmers' fairs, or through small shops.

Farms that have developed to large sizes. In most cases, they conclude long-term contracts either with processing enterprises or with retail chains. Serious farms also create their own processing enterprises, which significantly increases the profitability of such agricultural enterprises.

What profit can be made?

How profitable is animal husbandry in our country? To answer this question, let's calculate the profitability of animal husbandry using the example of a rabbit farm.

Rabbits give offspring up to 10 times a year. One rabbit brings up to 6 rabbits for one round. If you have a hundred females on your farm, they will give 6,000 heads of young animals. The average weight of a rabbit before slaughter is from 2 to 2.2 kilograms. If you nurture and slaughter all the young, you can get 12 tons of meat. Rabbit meat costs about 180-190 rubles per kilogram. We receive 2 million 280 thousand rubles in one year. After deducting the cost of feed, maintenance, salaries to employees and transport costs, 1 million 140 thousand rubles remain.

To reduce costs, you can grow your own feed for them on your own plot of land and vaccinate the animals yourself, as well as provide care for rabbits without the involvement of hired labor.

Cattle(abbr. KRS) - farm animals of the subfamily "Bulls". The main purpose of cattle breeding is the production of meat and, obtaining skins and sometimes wool. An additional income in each of the main areas is breeding for the purpose of selling young animals.

From the obligatory in any of the directions, you will definitely need agricultural machinery for harvesting and transporting feed, animals, hand tools, a hayloft, a calf barn, areas for walking and grazing cattle, a barn with stalls, thanks to which it becomes more convenient to feed the animals, as well as to control.

You should immediately think about veterinary medicine, since livestock can get very serious and dangerous diseases such as anthrax, various flus, in which all livestock are allowed to be slaughtered. Any farmer must monitor the cleanliness of his production facilities, pastures and periodically carry out the treatment required by veterinary medicine.

Depending on the possibility of peasant farming, climatic features, as well as requirements for meat, several systems for keeping cattle are used:

stall-pasture. The maintenance is carried out indoors in winter (with regular walking in paddocks), and in summer on a pasture. In warm seasons, camp pens are equipped in which animals are kept. Each cow has access to greenery, water, mineral elements.
Stall-walking system. With him, the herd is kept indoors with mandatory daily walks in special runs, platforms, mechanized installations.

Often farmers build sheds under which bulls and cows rest or hide from bad weather.

Breeding bulls for meat

meat breeds

Since the breeding of breeds that produce high-quality meat, for example, marbled, has become a trend in recent years, we will list first of all meat breeds that have marbling. Many of them are already bred by enterprising businessmen in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

Aberdeen Angus

This breed is naturally prone to marbling, and proper fattening and care can give meat of the highest marble category - completely penetrated by the thinnest fatty layers, very juicy and tender. Angus is gaining weight in the region of 1 ton and has a height of up to 1.6 meters. They were bred in Scotland, from where they spread throughout the world, including the CIS countries.

Limousinskaya

Limousines grow up to 1.5 meters in height and gain weight of about 1 ton. The meat is very tender, juicy with varying degrees of marbling. It is the most exported among the French breeds.

Charolais

Originally from France, it grows up to 1.5 meters in height and has a mass of about 1500 kilograms. The best bulls of this breed have a genetic defect in the form of increased production of the protein myostatin, which is responsible for increasing muscle mass. But it is impossible to carry out selection on this basis. However, normal charolais produce excellent marbled and lean meat.

Hereford

Growth in the region of 1.5 meters, weight - in the region of 1100 kg. Herefords are originally from England and were bred as meat. It is quite unpretentious, therefore they occupy one of the most important places in the meat market. With proper fattening, the meat marmorizes very well.

Shorthorn

It was bred in England and is one of the most common. Shorthorns are characterized by high precocity. The weight of cows is 500-600 kg, bulls - 800-1000 kg. The meat is very tender, juicy, with evenly permeated fat. Slaughter yield averages around 65%.

Grain and grass fed

This example is suitable for both a large farm and a small one.

useful links

Codex Alimentarius - FAO Code of Hygienic Practice for Meat
Everything related to cattle // Forum Fermer.ru, communication between farmers on this topic

In this material:

Currently, the cattle breeding business is a promising area of business activity. This is due to state support for domestic producers. A novice entrepreneur is provided with favorable conditions and favorable business development opportunities in the field of animal husbandry and cattle breeding. The livestock business plan includes basic recommendations on the process of organizing and registering a business, the basics for choosing the direction of business development, pasture requirements, tips on feeding and caring for animals, as well as a marketing plan and financial analytics of a business project.

Cattle breeding as a business: relevance and prospects

One of the main directions of state policy is the financial support of domestic livestock farms. In the future, such a business brings a stable and high income, taking into account the coverage of start-up capital investments and current expenses of the enterprise. In this regard, the livestock business is experiencing a new wave of popularity today against the backdrop of many entrepreneurs who have abandoned this area of \u200b\u200bdevelopment in favor of crop production.

Choice of direction of activity: dairy and beef cattle breeding

Beef cattle breeding as the main activity of the enterprise involves breeding and raising livestock for the purpose of slaughter and obtaining beef and does not involve the procedure for milking livestock to obtain dairy products. Cows are kept to give birth to calves, which are sent to slaughter at the age of one to one and a half years. This option of the direction of the enterprise, among other things, is beneficial in that in the first six months the calf feeds exclusively on mother's milk, which significantly saves the money of a novice entrepreneur during this period.

In turn, dairy cattle breeding has its own number of advantages over meat cattle breeding, including the possibility of obtaining, in addition to the main products - milk, also dairy products and beef.

Beef cattle

The main varieties of beef cattle (cattle) in Russia include the following breeds:

Kalmyk;
Kazakh white-headed;
Aberdeen Angus;
Hereford;
Belgian blue;
Charolais;
Santa Gertrude;
Shorthorn cow.

Fattening methods

There are two ways of raising and fattening livestock: tethered and free. In the first case, a specially equipped room is required with the possibility of regular automated manure removal, as well as a reliable harness. The second, more popular option uses a spacious, fenced-in paddock with deep bedding, which is changed after a change in fattening procedure or when a batch of cattle is sent to slaughter for beef. The second option for growing and fattening livestock involves less labor.

At the same time, the tie-down fattening method guarantees the reliability of injections and other veterinary treatments, as well as an individual approach to each animal.

Characteristics and composition of cattle meat

The composition of meat directly depends on the breed of livestock, as well as on the sex and age of the animal. Animal carcass contains: fat 9-30%, muscle tissue 42-68%, bone tissue - about 20%. As practice shows, expensive types of beef have a ratio of protein to fat in the amount of one to one.

It is noteworthy that in dairy breeds, the meat is much more tender than in beef cattle breeds.

Characteristics of milk

Narrowly targeted breeds of cattle intended for the production of dairy products (dairy breeds of cows) suggest a fat content in milk in an amount of more than 5.5%. Such milk is rich in vitamins, protein and macronutrients and is an excellent raw material for the production of butter and cheese, since it is spent in much less quantity.

organizational plan

At the stage of mandatory state registration of activities, the stumbling block is the choice of organizational form. In this regard, animal husbandry, or cattle breeding, has its own specifics.

Personal subsidiary farming (PSP) is the simplest option for registering the activities of an entrepreneur. When choosing this organizational form, there is no need to register with the tax authority, and the business is run as a family farm.

The peasant (farm) economy, or peasant farm, is represented by a more complex association of entrepreneurs engaged in narrowly focused entrepreneurial activities and liable for obligations with their property.

Farm arrangement

As practice shows, to keep one hundred cows, three bulls and calves for the purpose of slaughter for beef or milking for the production of dairy products, two separate premises of about 130-150 square meters each and a specially equipped walking area will be needed. Such an area does not require separate heating in winter. At the same time, high demands are placed on the premises for keeping cattle in terms of humidity: it must be sufficiently dry and free of any drafts.

In the case of one or even two hundred head of cattle, it is quite possible to get by with manual feeding, while a larger number of animals implies a mandatory device for automatic feeding.

The use of pastures significantly reduces the financial costs of the farmer for the maintenance of cattle, since it implies the introduction of pasture. Such a system has a sufficient number of varieties that are characterized by common features: cows spend most of their time outdoors, within an open pasture or fenced area, and independently forage. The grazing method of keeping cattle, among other advantages, contributes to the production of vitamin D in the cow's body, which entails a decrease in the likelihood of a cold in the animal. Experienced farmers in the vast majority of cases opt for the pasture option for keeping cows, the difficulties of which are due to the search for suitable places in the region where the farm is located.

Buying young animals

Young cattle include bulls and cows that have reached six months, which are intended for breeding or fattening for slaughter. In the process of selecting and buying young animals, you should pay attention to certain indicators that will not allow a novice entrepreneur to make a mistake with the choice of an animal.

There are body weight standards for each breed of cattle, which young animals must meet at a certain month of life. In addition to body weight, attention should be paid to the overall growth and development of the calf. In addition, it is required to study the pedigree of the animal, a particularly important role for the entrepreneur-buyer of young animals is played by the productivity of the mother of the calf.

Animal feeding and care

In the absence of the possibility of a pasture method of keeping cattle and, as a result, the impossibility of using pasture, as well as in the winter season, the cost of animal feed makes up the bulk of the current costs of the farm. The organization of animal nutrition is the main concern of any farmer, since the volumes and the possibility of obtaining the target products of the enterprise directly depend on this item. As practice shows, the annual rate of feed consumption per cow is:

2 tons of hay;
1 ton of straw;
2.5 tons of root crops;
10 tons of greenery;
4 tons of silage.

Subject to the acquisition of these resources, the annual nutrition of one cow will cost a novice entrepreneur forty thousand rubles. This circumstance makes the pasture method of keeping cattle the most profitable and attractive for business.

Veterinary service

In addition to care and regular feeding, cattle need the same systematic medical care. We are talking about constant veterinary examinations, injections and vaccinations, as well as the treatment of animals from various diseases. This item is important not only from the point of view of the possibility of obtaining the final product, but also in terms of obtaining sanitary and epidemiological permits for the implementation of entrepreneurial activities of the farm as a whole.

Search for distribution channels for meat and milk

Subject to a competent approach to business and the production of high-quality meat and dairy raw materials, a farmer-entrepreneur can easily find customers within his own region where the farm is located. For a more efficient approach to business, one should take care in advance of finding channels for marketing finished products and concluding permanent contracts with local producers of meat and dairy products, canning, sausage factories and dairy plants.

How much can you earn with your own farm?

Given the start with a small number of cattle, the initial investment will be from half a million to one million rubles. As practice shows, a novice farmer receives real income after a year or two from the moment the farm was opened. Revenue from keeping dairy cattle is about 10 thousand rubles per month per cow during lactation, while income from keeping beef cattle varies from 40 to 60 thousand rubles per cow monthly.

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The potential for the development of beef cattle breeding in Russia is significant, which means that breeding beef cattle is a profitable and very promising business. It is possible to organize a cattle breeding business, the main focus of which will be the breeding of cows, subject to the correct selection of the breed and the calculation of organizational costs.

Meat is a strategic product for Russia, since it occupies a significant part of the diet of our compatriots. Every year, the average Russian eats at least 60 kg of meat and meat products, which, in general, is not much compared to the countries of Western Europe and North America. At the same time, beef accounts for only about 15% of this volume (that is, about 9 kg), which is also significantly less than in other economically developed countries. Thus, the potential for the development of the industry is quite large, but there are also a number of problems.

State of beef cattle breeding in Russia

According to the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, after many years of a shortage of domestic production in the meat industry, by 2016, it was finally possible to reach the food security threshold for meat. In general, the country provides itself with this type of product by 89%. However, such indicators are valid only for pork and poultry meat, which Russia was able to provide itself at the minimum required level. But in terms of beef production, the domestic cattle breeding industry still lags behind the target indicators. At the moment, the country produces this meat only about 75% of what is needed.

According to statistics, in 2015, Russian farmers produced 269.1 thousand tons of beef (including by-products), which is 16.3% more than in 2014. The increase in production volumes became possible due to the launch of new and modernization / reconstruction of existing cattle-breeding complexes with a total of 107 units. In total, these enterprises additionally produced 46.2 thousand tons of meat (in live weight). The main beef producers are the Siberian (28%), Central (27%) and Volga (20%) federal districts.

Problems of beef cattle breeding in Russia

Beef cattle breeding in general is experiencing the same problems as its related dairy cattle breeding. First of all, this is a relatively low profitability of production. While pork and poultry account for 20% and 17% respectively, beef provides only about 7-10%. With such profitability indicators, investors are much more willing to invest in pig and poultry farming than in breeding cows for meat.

The second problem that hinders the development of the industry is the situation on the market of young breeding stock. According to experts, today domestic breeding plants are simply not able to meet domestic demand for their products. For example, in the European part of Russia, you can purchase no more than 500 heads of breeding cattle per month, in the Asian part, up to 100 heads per month. At the same time, in order to launch new cattle breeding farms or expand existing ones, thousands of cattle have to be purchased at the same time. As a result, pastoralists are forced to import animals from abroad at a much higher cost, which significantly pushes back the payback point.

Finally, the macroeconomic difficulties (inflation and devaluation) that Russia has faced in the past two years have affected (not for the better) the cost of building materials and equipment needed to expand or start livestock complexes from scratch. Moreover, all this is happening in the context of a continuing decline in demand for beef in the domestic market. And although after the ban on food imports from most European countries, a rather large “backlash” between supply and demand has formed on the market, it is rapidly shrinking.

Meat breeds of cattle

Cows of beef breeds are characterized by faster rates of development and high precocity with intensive fattening. As a rule, they stand out in larger sizes, stop growing earlier and give more high-calorie meat with a minimum fat content. At the same time, the average milk yield of meat breeds is several times lower than that of dairy and meat-and-milk breeds.

In Russia, the most popular breeds are:

Beef cattle breeding as a business

In general, we can safely say that today beef cattle breeding is the most problematic segment of domestic animal husbandry. In any case, if only strategically important industries are taken into account. Production is growing at a much slower pace than, for example, in pig or poultry farming, and unlike dairy cattle breeding, there are no such generous subsidies from the state for production here. However, beef cattle breeding has one important advantage over the dairy industry - a simpler production cycle, much lower feed requirements and no need for complex farm equipment.

In order for beef cattle breeding to become a truly profitable business, livestock breeding should be carried out only in the area where there are many natural pastures, on which livestock can freely graze in the warm season, almost without spending money on feed. If most of the calories consumed by animals are purchased feed, such beef will turn out to be simply golden - its cost will eat up all profits or even cause losses. That is why the main producers of beef in Russia are regions with a relatively low density of the rural population.

However, it is impossible to create a cattle breeding business on pastures alone. At least in the cold season, animals will have to be fed with something, and it is better if it is not purchased food, but produced on their own. As you know, cattle can eat hay, silage and some fodder vegetables. Thus, the livestock farm will have to acquire its own arable land for growing forage grasses. According to statistics, one cow and one of her calves, on average, require about a hectare of pasture and the same amount of arable land. Thus, a small farm for 100 queen cows will need at least two hundred hectares of land (pastures + arable land).

It is important to note that one of the tricks that can significantly increase the profitability of a livestock farm is to obtain the status of a breeding plant. This status entitles you to state subsidies for raising breeding cows. Having passed all the formalities associated with certification, you can apply for financial support from the state.

Organization of livestock business

To create a farm for a hundred cows (plus the same number of their calves) and three sires, you will have to build two standard barn buildings measuring 70x20 meters. You will also need a walking area, silo pits and towers.

Properly built barns do not need a heating system, since even in winter the heat from the animals themselves is enough to maintain a comfortable temperature in the room. However, buildings must be equipped with a good ventilation system to effectively deal with high humidity without creating drafts.

Very often, on small farms (up to 300 heads), manual labor is mainly used. However, today there is a technique that allows mechanizing and automating even such enterprises. The most labor-intensive operations are the distribution of feed and the removal of manure. They should be mechanized in the first place.

It makes no sense to describe the process of preparing fodder for the winter, since this applies more to crop production than to animal husbandry. We only note that by the beginning of winter, the stores should have 130% of the required feed. According to statistics, up to 20% of feed usually deteriorates during storage, plus the possibility of their increased consumption in severe frosts should be taken into account.

Since the calves will appear only in the second year of the farm, the construction of the second barn can be postponed until this moment. Of course, from the second year, the cost of feed also doubles. In order for the calves to eat as much free pasture grass as possible, calving should be scheduled between February and April. Then most of the time the calves will graze, and not eat hay and silage.