What to do business. How to start your own business from scratch: from A to Z what a novice businessman needs to know! Creating your YouTube channel

In recent years, I have been able to get to know several dozens of successful businessmen who have decided to start their own business from scratch. These are people who turn to us for building a sales system or developing sales. Why do entrepreneurs I consider successful contact us? Everything is very simple! They are successful because they have their own business, even if it does not go very well - this is their experience, they can make mistakes, learn from them and become better. This is what distinguishes people with whom you have to communicate from those who only dream of starting a business.

Each person who has opened his own, albeit small, but business, has his own merits, on each project I became better by communicating with such people. And when the number of people exceeded 50, it seemed to me that I could outline the general principles for starting my own business. So, how to open your business from scratch, which will bring regular income? You will find answers to all questions about starting your own business in this article!

How to open your business from scratch?

1) Action

This is what the most dynamic companies had. The most interesting case was when we talked on the phone with a person about a sales system and identified the need to implement a call recording system. When we arrived the next day for the meeting, the recording system had already been set up. In my opinion, ability to act quickly and not putting off important things indefinitely is one of the most important factors in starting a successful business.

2) Creating the perfect product from the customer's point of view

The best results are shown by us on projects where the owners took the place of the client and created a unique product that meets all the needs of the client. A striking example is a company supplying materials for housing and communal services (housing and communal services).

What conditions are created for clients?

It is convenient for companies to buy the entire range in one company, which means we will supply more than 7,000 items of goods that may be required in the maintenance of housing and communal services.
Do you need everything yesterday? This means that we will provide free next day delivery, even if you order 1 nail.
Do not always have money in the account or wait a long time until they come to the account? Delivery without prepayment and automatic delay for 7 days.
Etc.

As a result, the company is one of the leaders in a small but significant niche. You do not need to have super knowledge or super capabilities, you just need to follow the path of the client and make it pleasant.

3) Starting a business with sales

It is customary to start a business with a logo, trademark registration, renting an office, and God knows what else. You need to start with sales. Even if the product is not yet in nature, but there is only an idea. How to sell what is not? Very simple. We decided to sell super chairs with super design. No problem! Create a business card site on your knee, order a drawing of this chair from a freelancer, if it has not yet been produced, or take a photo if it has not yet been brought to our country. Run Yandex Direct on the request of a superchair and count the number of calls per day or week. Estimate the volume of possible sales.

I know one entrepreneur who made this approach the beginning of his business, when he received a client, he didn’t run to buy goods, but simply looked for a seller :), brought them together, and without risking anything, received a commission on sales. Over time, finding a profitable niche, he settled on one product.

4) Interest!

Practice shows that the best success is achieved by those who burn with their work - opening their own business. When a person is passionate about something, he carries people along with him. Moreover, the interest may not be in the product or service itself, but in building a system or monetizing a project.

How to understand whether activities in a particular niche will be profitable?

I do this: I imagine a situation in the future, when I have achieved what I plan, created an interesting service, customers are satisfied with me. If I get goosebumps from thinking about this achievement, I get down to business, if everyone around says that this direction is promising, but it doesn’t turn me on, I won’t do it.

In any case, there are difficulties. And at the startup stage, they are “above the roof”, if there is no interest in the business, then there is no motivation to overcome these difficulties, and the person quickly gives up without making an attempt to open his own business.

5) Recruitment

Startups are different for everyone. Someone has investments, someone creates everything from scratch. But there is one rule that I paid attention to: if the owner started from the very beginning, for example, with sales, then the business has a chance of success.

Before hiring staff, go through the path that the hired person must go through. With very rare exceptions, an employee will look for the best path for the company. Therefore, in order to control an employee, the manager must clearly understand the work that he controls, he must understand the work algorithm of this person, the optimal process for performing work and the key points of control of this employee.

When setting any task, any employee or contractor needs to understand not only the result to which a person must come, but also the specific steps that he must take every day. Only then can the performer be controlled before the deadlines are broken.

6) Where to get investments?

Suppose a niche is found, a unique selling proposition is clear, there is a readiness for action, but there is no money to implement ideas. You don't need money for a good idea :). To implement the idea, you must follow two rules:

Do not be afraid to do everything on your knee;
Exchange investments for partners.

I'll give an example:

Don't be afraid to do everything on your knees

You had an idea to develop a revolutionary stool. Business must be started from scratch, there are no great financial opportunities. For minimal money, you order a model of this stool from a freelancer, make a simple website on your knee, send minimal money to the Yandex market, and start selling in a passive mode. You print out the layout of the stool, you pass all the places where they can sell it. You find buyers, understand the volume that you can sell.

Exchange investments for partners

Next, you find a manufacturer who will make your stool. Yes, even if you have to share most of the profit with the manufacturer, yes, at least sell it to zero, the main thing is you understand the market, find sales channels. And having reached decent sales volumes, you will already be able to open your own production, either to reduce the price of this manufacturer for volumes, or to find another one on more favorable terms.

7) Analyze it

No matter what you do, no matter what mistakes you make, the main thing is to draw conclusions from them. There are no unattainable tasks, there are only retreats before the right solution is found. Analyze every day how much it brought you closer to your task, what was done wrong, which did not allow you to achieve success, what needs to be changed in your actions so that tomorrow would be different.

Here are just a few, in my opinion, the main nuances of the success of creating and opening your own, new business from scratch. But the first point is often the decisive one. There are a lot of people who tell how to run a business, there are those who plan to start work, but there are very few of them who take and do it, and even fewer who do it until some result is achieved.

I hope this article will increase your chances of success. And if you have any questions, I am ready to give you some advice, including free ones. call

- Method number 1. Service business
- Method number 2. Intermediary business
- Method number 3. Information business
- Method number 4. partnership
- Step 1. Analyze all 9 points given at the beginning of the article
- Step 2. Selecting the scheme described above
- Step 3. Business with minimal investment - a selection of ideas
- Step 4. Testing Ideas
- Step 5. Making a plan
- Step 6. Production of products, provision of services
- Step 7. Start selling
- Step 8. Adjustment
- 1. Business on bulletin boards (Avito)
- 2. Opening of the errand service "Husband for an hour"
- 3. Business without investments at home for the provision of services
- 4. Your business from scratch on the Internet
- 5. Organization and holding of various events
- 6. Tutoring and training
- 7. Extension and kindergarten at home
- 8. Selling DIY products
- 9. Walking the dogs
- 10. Courier delivery service
- 11. Reporting and documentation services
5. Conclusion

When you hear the phrase “Business from scratch without financial investments”, the question immediately arises in your head: “How so?” Is it really possible nowadays to start your own business without having start-up capital?

How to solve all these questions rent, wages, hiring employees, taxes, equipment? What kind of business is this, where, without investing a penny, you can earn good money? And, it’s true, it’s quite difficult to start your entrepreneurial activity from such a position. But, in fact, not everything is so scary. There are many ideas that can generate income without much financial outlay. Sometimes a lot depends on your experience, acquired education, skills and flight of fancy.

The need for additional income makes people start looking. But, as a rule, the lack of “extra money” becomes the reason for looking for a business without investments from scratch. The main benefit of such a business is minimal risks and the opportunity to earn.

First, think about what you can do that people would give you their money for. And if you have some skills or talents, then you need to open a business in this direction.

Ways to start your own business

1. What you need to know before starting a business

To begin with, you need to concentrate and comprehend everything very well. Consider the important parameters that you need to know before starting a business:

Firstly, set yourself up mentally. Realize the upcoming changes, the possibility of permanent employment, the level of your own resistance to stress. There are internal delusions in our heads that constantly influence the decisions we make.

For example , it is believed that without connections and money there is no business, that taxes take away all income, that not everyone has a “commercial streak”. In fact, by overcoming these fears, our chances of creating a project are significantly increase.

Secondly, it is important to decide what to do and why this area is so attractive. Is it all because you saw your employer's scheme of action and decided that you could do better? Immediately - no. Or because experience has come over the years and something comes out much better than others, there are ideas for further development. Then you should try and open your own business.

Thirdly, don't borrow money. This money will need to be returned, and it takes time to pay off your own business. And yet, do not open projects with money that you once collected for other strategic goals ( payment for treatment, education of the child, repayment of credit obligations for previously made purchases).

Fourth, do not take on huge franchises and start with large-scale projects. This is both an investment and a big loss.

Fifth, understand your own risks. Realize what you will lose if you fail.

At sixth, do not think that the lack of own knowledge in the field of activity can be easily replaced by competent employees. You must not only thoroughly understand this, but also be able to answer questions. And it will not be superfluous to have a conversation with entrepreneurs who have experience in this business. Take their advice to heart.

Seventh, you need to instill confidence in a successful result. To be able to solve urgent issues constructively, to manage the situation. To raise self-esteem and self-confidence, we recommend reading.

Eighth, admit to yourself frankly how much, the quality of the services and goods that you are going to offer. It is very easy to ruin your reputation and lose customers.

Ninth, Starting your own business with initial capital is no easier than starting from scratch. The difference here will be such that those issues that you spend time and effort on will only be solved much easier if you have finances.

Now you should take a sheet of paper and draw a table in 2 columns. In each line of the first column, you need to write all the points above, formulating the main idea. On the contrary, mark the percentage you are ready to fulfill it in life.

It remains to follow the plan, guided by the data that you have on hand. Be clear about your intended goals.

4 ways to start your business

2. How to start your business from scratch or with minimal investment - 4 easy ways

At present, if a huge amount of information is processed and summarized, then 4 main schemes for starting your own business from scratch can be distinguished. Let's analyze them in more detail.

Method number 1. Service business

For example, you know how to knit very well. Over the years, experience comes, drawing schemes are developed, speed increases. By providing these services, a certain amount of money is gradually earned, which is subsequently spent on the purchase of equipment, yarn, and accessories. The scheme is simple. Constant increase in orders - payment - gradual expansion of your own business.

Method number 2. Intermediary business

It is convenient and is implemented if there are channels for buying cheaper products. The goods are purchased at reduced prices and released according to the agreed found customers. In this case, the difference is spent on the purchase of additional units of goods. With this scheme, a minimum lot is purchased and it is important to have a sales skill.

Method number 3. Information business

With this business scheme, your knowledge works. For example, you are fluent in a foreign language. This is an opportunity to teach private lessons, tutoring, organizing courses. And as an option for further development, with the money earned, open a school of foreign languages.

Method number 4. partnership

This scheme works when, having worked in the company for a long time, you see real options for its further development. This is a new production technology you have developed or the introduction of an additional industry, or perhaps a business project for the reconstruction of obsolete equipment, that is, something that will lead to a significant increase in the welfare of the organization. As a result, a partnership agreement is signed and this can be considered your small business from scratch.

All schemes are different, but the conclusion is the same . You need to be able to sell, and in order for the result to be positive, it is important to be confident in the quality. If any of the schemes is already close, then it is worth considering a step-by-step algorithm of actions when organizing a business from scratch.

3. Step-by-step algorithm of actions on how to start your own business

Step 1. Analyze all 9 points given at the beginning of the article

If you do not pay due attention to this and miss at least one, you should not start your own business at all.

Step 2. Selecting the scheme described above

It is necessary to thoroughly determine the direction of activity.

Step 3. Business with minimal investment - a selection of ideas

We take a sheet of paper and write the selected scheme in its upper part. We make at least 3 arrows in different directions. Under each of them we write fictitious ideas.

Step 4. Testing Ideas

Please try to answer the following questions as honestly as possible. For each “YES” answer, we put the idea “ + ", and " - ” for each “NO”

How well do you understand what you decide to do? Do you have enough life experience, information, knowledge of theory and practical skills?
Is there a practical demand for the product or service you intend to sell?
What are its exceptional features? How is it better than its competitor?
Does she have any unique features?
Do you know who to sell it to?
Are you ready to use marketing tools to sell your own product? Do you have ideas to increase demand?

Analyze the number of pros under each idea. If there are 6 of them, then you can proceed to detailed development.

Step 5. Making a plan

You can try to do it yourself or ask a specialist. But it is worth trying to draw up a small business plan on your own in order to take into account all aspects of starting your own business.

What you need to consider for this:

Firstly , clearly describe the type of product or the essence of the service provided. It is worth clarifying what will be the appearance, product range, delivery to the end consumer. If this is a service, then the time of its implementation, type, number of sessions. It is important to understand all the strengths and weaknesses, to determine the possibility of after-sales service, if necessary.
Secondly, you need to think about promoting sales. This is where advertising options come in. Given the modest budget of the business being started, perhaps this is advertising on the Internet, free newspapers, on sales sites, printing flyers and announcements for the city. You can think of an initial promotion when selling starter copies.
Thirdly, make a table of necessary expenses. This, for example, is the necessary equipment, consumables, overalls, etc.
Fourth, determine the actual desired amount of earnings per week and calculate the number of copies of sales of manufactured products. At the same time, subtracting weekly expenses from the withdrawn amount, we will end up with “net earnings”. Now let's calculate how much money you need to set aside from each sale for the further development of the business.

Step 6. Production of products, provision of services

When all the calculations are done, we proceed to the creation of the first trial batch. We do proper registration and prepare for sale. If these are still services, then it is advisable to make trial sessions and immediately figure out whether everything has been purchased and how much time in reality, depending on the complexity of the procedure, will be spent on one client.

Step 7. Start selling

We select the first clients, organize the implementation.

Step 8. Adjustment

We act according to the situation. It should be understood that a perfect business will never be. And everything planned will change. Such is the reality. We will never guess everything 100% . Therefore, in the course of sales we make adjustments and supplement, change, clarify, delete.

This whole algorithm is quite simple. And it's clear that lack of finance This is no reason not to develop your own business.

You can, for example, master the art of hairdressing and take at home, doing hairstyles, haircuts, styling.
A popular trend today is work with nails. This and various types of manicure, pedicure, massage of hands and feet.
It would not be bad to draw pictures, write portraits, not only with paints, but also with a pencil, in various techniques and styles, depict what you see.
Photography is another form of income. Organization of photo shoots, work at weddings, creating albums - this is a little of what is available to a photographer.

We list other ideas for your own business that require minimal investment:

baking at home,
making handmade postcards
website development,
rental property,
trucking,
providing plumbing, electrical, assembly, installation,
Furniture assembly,
knitting, sewing,
weddings, interior design,
car decoration,
creation of articles, scripts,
babysitting, courier services,
making souvenirs, etc.

Currently, to help any business, there is the Internet (electronic bulletin boards, forums, advertising sites), through which you can sell a product or service quickly and to a large number of people. There you can get all the necessary additional information and assistance in doing your business.

Ideas for your business with little or no investment - where to start

4. Business ideas without investments from scratch - TOP 11 best business ideas

We offer you several business ideas that do not require financial investments. Consider some and quick payback.

1. Business on bulletin boards (Avito)

The idea is to start selling things that you do not use, but they just sit on your shelf and gather dust. Surely there are people who need these things. (How to make money in Avito read

Watch a video about effective sales and earnings on Avito:

2. Opening of the errand service "Husband for an hour"

Nowadays, more and more men, disappearing at work, cannot devote enough time to keep the house in order. And if you have the skills of a carpenter, locksmith or, for example, an electrician, then you may well try yourself in this business. When everything works out, and the number of clients increases, then soon you will be able to organize a company of this profile, and you yourself will simply manage.

3. Business without investments at home for the provision of services

For example, if you know how to cut your hair and do hairstyles, then for a start, clients can come to your house. One free room or kitchen will be enough so as not to interfere with the household. This also includes the ability to do manicures and pedicures, massage, the ability to provide tutoring services.

4. Your business from scratch on the Internet

Such a business does not require investments, the only thing you need is a computer and Internet access. But working on the Internet costs your time.

If you have free time, you can try, for example, writing articles, blogging or a thematic site, doing SEO promotion and much more. (See How to open an online store from scratch).

Internet Business Ideas - 5 Real Examples

Opening a web studio;
Creation and promotion of sites;
Creation and content filling of web resources;
Sale of information products (trainings, courses, etc.)
Online tutoring (Skype courses and other foreign language programs, etc.)

Creation and SEO promotion of websites as a business on the Internet from scratch and without investment

5. Organization and holding of various events

If you have the skills of an organizer, are a creative person, love fun holidays - then this is your direction. There will always be a demand for such services - the main thing is to prove yourself.

6. Tutoring and training

This area requires experience and education. You must be a specialist in your field, for example, a teacher with teaching experience. Individual classes with children and adults, this is a very good income. You can also provide this service remotely via Skype. Or sell already recorded lessons via the Internet.

7. Extension and kindergarten at home

Currently, there is a very urgent problem with the placement of children in kindergartens. Therefore, this idea of how to create a business without investments is very much in demand. It is desirable to have teaching experience or medical education and, most importantly, love for children. You can organize a kindergarten at home, but you will have to obtain permission and draw up documents. It is not recommended to engage in this type of activity illegally.

8. Selling DIY products

A very common type of business at the present time. People began to appreciate a single and unique product. This includes the sale of the following products:

children's things, crocheted or knitting,
toys made from environmentally friendly materials,
handmade natural cosmetics
custom-made and decorated cakes, etc.

Below is a step-by-step guide from experts that describes TOP 10 best, most profitable business ideas without investments and 8 simple steps that will allow you to open your own successful business.

First of all, you must prepare not only morally, but also materially. Either you must have money to meet all household needs until you get on your feet, or your business must allow you to combine your own business with work - at least at first.

A positive attitude is very important!, but one should be as realistic as possible about one’s capabilities: one should be prepared for any outcome of the case - both for an optimistic scenario for the development of events, and for the fact that nothing will work the first time.

Step 1 . Identifying our strengths

To achieve success in any business, you need to sincerely love him.. This is the only really working way. No wonder they say that the best job is a well-paid hobby. And for your undertaking to turn out to be just that, you need to do a simple exercise.

You must identify your strengths: take a pencil and paper and write down a list of the skills you are really good at. Highlight those that are associated with activities that are especially attractive to you. Think about how you could apply these abilities, and whether it is possible to somehow combine them so that they form the basis of your enterprise.

For example, if you are witty and creative, you should try your hand at advertising if you are good with the tool - you can make good money in the field of home repair, if you easily find a common language with people and have the gift of persuasion, then network marketing can bring you a good income.

Step 2. Choose a niche with the least competition

To create your successful business without money, you need to conduct a comprehensive market analysis and choose a niche. This will allow you to start a business that will not only match your skills and preferences, but also be the least competitive. And the lower the competition, the higher the chances of success.

Step 3 Analyzing business competitors

Before you open your company, you need to carefully analyze the business of competitors and identify its strengths and weaknesses. This will help develop competitive advantages that will be able to provide you with a constant flow of customers, and, accordingly, a stable income.

Step 4 We develop competitive advantages

Every business has a unique competitive advantage, also known as a “Unique Selling Proposition” or simply USP. It can be:

discounts;
free services;
a wider range of services;
special conditions for re-applying.

In order to compete successfully with other businesses in the same field, you must develop advantages that your competitors cannot offer their customers.

Step 5 We draw up a business plan

For a smooth launch of a new business, it is necessary to draw up a clear detailed plan and stick to it down to the smallest detail. A business plan should include absolutely all aspects of your future business, from the budget to the brands of equipment that will be used in the enterprise.

In fact, a business plan is a kind of instruction for starting and running a business, and the impeccable implementation of all its points multiply your chances of success.

Step 6 We attract clients

Contrary to popular misconception, it is quite possible to create your own business from scratch if there is no money. But any business requires advertising, because the more customers you have, the more your income will be. Therefore, attracting customers is a paramount task, and you need to approach its solution with all responsibility.

In addition, you can use social networks for promotion - this is the simplest and most efficient option. draw attention to your business.

Step 7. Starting a business

To achieve success, regardless of the field of activity, at first it will be necessary to work "for reputation"- so that every person who turns to you for help is satisfied.

This approach may have a negative impact on profits, because you will have to give customers big discounts and provide them with some services for free, but in the long run this strategy will definitely pay off.

Step 8 Expanding

When you have large and regular customers, profits increase, and a reputation in the professional and business field will allow you to take on large and complex orders, you will need to carefully analyze the company's activities and think over a strategy for its further expansion.

Now you can hire employees who will perform routine tasks, while you concentrate on management.

And now consider the most simple and promising ideas that even an inexperienced person can implement budding entrepreneur.

1. Consulting and tutoring

If you are a qualified professional, such as a lawyer or an economist, you can earn good money by providing consulting services.

This is a great business without initial capital, because consultations can be carried out not only in person, but also via the Internet, which means that you do not have to spend money on office equipment - at least at the initial stage, you can do without it.

You can also engage in tutoring through the Internet - private practice brings much more than they pay in public educational institutions.

Especially now you can make money on the preparation of high school students to the final exams and subsequent admission to the university, but this requires the appropriate qualifications. Preparation for language tests, such as IELTS, TOEFL and others, is also in demand.

And even if you are not a qualified teacher, but have some skills, for example, you can knit, draw or play the guitar well, you can do tutoring - such lessons are in demand and well paid.

2. Business on the Internet

The Internet offers virtually limitless business opportunities.

At the same time, making money online is suitable even for beginners - those who do not understand anything in programming, web design and SEO (website promotion in search engines) can write articles, create images and mount videos. Even playing games can make some money.

The most money comes from creating your own website. But in order to achieve success in this business, you need to know and be able to do a lot, not to mention the fact that the site will start to bring profit only after a few years of hard work.

3. Massage with home visit

The competition among massage parlors today is extremely high even in small towns, but few operate home visits, so if you have the right skills or think you can master them, this endeavor can bring you a good income.

Indeed, one should take into account that many types of massage require serious knowledge of human anatomy and physiology, and some require a full medical education.

4. Husband for an hour

As a rule, the services of a "husband for an hour" include the following:

Plumbing work;
Electrical works;
Assembly and disassembly of furniture;
Minor household repairs;
Carpentry and assembly work.

This is the best option for a small service business for men. If you know the basics of locksmithing, understand construction and plumbing, know how to handle tools and can make minor household repairs in a matter of minutes, this undertaking will bring you an excellent income.

5. Create your own YouTube channel

When your channel reaches a certain number of subscribers, you will be able to embed ads in your videos.

The best way to do this is to use Google Adsense., which will provide you with an income of 2-4 dollars for every thousand views.

Therefore, try to make your videos as attractive as possible to a wide audience, because profitability will directly depend on this.

6. Handmade

The section presents both new and proven ideas for small businesses from scratch in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus and other countries. Many articles contain step-by-step instructions or a step-by-step guide to starting a business for beginners.

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Coming up with a brand/company name. Most of the success of a business depends on this point. Once Ray Kroc (the founder of McDonald's Corporation) said that with such a name you can do anything. Therefore, do not neglect this point.
We draw up a business plan. It is not necessary to do it yourself. Now there are a lot of research companies providing planning services. Among them, for example, is the RBC company, which has both experience and marketing research in this business. You can also use our ready-made examples to help you compose it yourself.
Registering a company. To implement the following steps, this item is required, since the official accounting of all expenses and income of your business begins next.
Rent an office. For companies operating in the service and trade sectors, always passable places are required. Very often, such a business is opened where there are no people, which leads to bankruptcy. The exceptions are manufacturing companies, and those that need to hold meetings with clients not in their office, but with clients.
We buy office and production equipment. Sometimes it is better to spend money on used equipment, as it often costs a penny. After all, someone is constantly updating it or selling it due to bankruptcy. Unfortunately, you will have to buy something abroad, however, for example, Chinese business equipment can be ordered in any country, since there are usually suppliers working with manufacturers or their representative offices. In the offices of all modern companies, CRM systems should be installed to record the quality of work with clients.
We obtain all necessary permits and licenses, if necessary. To provide services and supply our products to other countries, you may need additional permits that are valid on the territory of these countries.
Hiring workers. At the very beginning, it is best to hire people with experience, especially for important positions. In large cities, you can use the services of HR companies and professional bounty hunters (headhunters). They will help you find professionals in your field.
Launching and setting up work. This item involves constant testing of technologies for working with clients and manufacturing products at the initial stage of implementing a business idea from scratch.
Do not forget to develop employees and develop yourself. After achieving success, many entrepreneurs consider themselves successful and do nothing to develop their business. After that, he begins to slowly lose positions, and they are always occupied by more dynamic companies that can rebuild, or newer ones that also catch their success, and then do nothing to maintain it. Every year, the technologies of doing and promoting a business change, various courses for improving the qualifications and motivation of employees appear, so you should not neglect them.

Remember that a good leader is one who does nothing. But for this you need to correctly build and configure your company.

It is a document that highlights all the characteristics of the future organization, analyzes possible problems and risks, their forecast and methods by which they can be avoided.

Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question “Should the project be financed or should it be thrown into the trash?”.

Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account certain procedures and rules. Such a presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea, shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, the design on paper simplifies the perception of the idea by the investor.

Self-drawing up a business plan

Drawing up a business plan yourself is not so difficult, you just need to carefully consider the idea. Before you grab onto the calculator and calculate income, you need to take a few steps.

Identify the "pros" and "cons" of the idea that has arisen. If the number of "minuses" rolls over - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such "cons".
Competitiveness and market stability are important characteristics.
The sales market needs to be thought out to the smallest detail.
The payback of the product (service) and the time of receipt of the first profit will allow you to determine the (approximately) required amount for investment.

If, after such a superficial analysis, you do not want to abandon your brainchild, then it's time to take a clean slate and start creating a business plan.

It's important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of the items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts have established the most optimal variant of the plan structure. If there is no experience in compiling such documents, you need to use these recommendations in order to correctly compose the work.

Structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

name of the project;
the name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating telephone numbers, addresses and other contact details;
head of the above organization;
developer (team or leader) of a business plan;
date of preparation of the document;
it is allowed to place on the first sheet the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project.

This document is necessary to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. This reflects the awareness of the reader that he is not entitled to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplicating the document, transferring it to another person, a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.

An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.

The next 2 sections of the plan - "Brief summary" and "Main idea of the project" - are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for review) to partners and investors until negotiations are scheduled.

Brief Summary

Although a short summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written at the final stage, as a result. A summary is an abbreviated description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will help here, by answering which you can get a great resume:

What product is the company planning to sell?
Who wants to buy this product?
What is the planned volume of sales (production) for the first year of the company? What will be the revenue from this?
What is the total cost of the project?
How will the enterprise be formed according to the organizational and legal form?
How many workers are planned to attract?
What is the required amount of capital investments for the implementation of the project?
What are the sources of funding for this project?
How much will be the total profit (profitability) for a specific period, payback period, amount of cash at the end of the first year of the enterprise, profitability. net discounted income.

It's important to know! The resume is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.

The main idea of the project

What is the main design goal?
What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
Are there any barriers to the goal and how to get around them?
What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to achieve results and achieve the goal as soon as possible? What are these timelines?

Important! It is necessary to give clear, real and explicit arguments that will confirm the confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In the same section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of strong, weak features of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a business plan correctly and most completely without such an analysis.

The SWOT analysis reflects 2 sides that affect the life of the organization: internal, relating to the enterprise itself, and external (everything outside the company that it cannot change).

Do not forget: you describe the enterprise, not the product! A common mistake of the authors is that they start writing product characteristics in the “strength” column.

Here are some parameters that can be used to describe strengths or weaknesses:

high-tech production;
service and after-sales service;
multifunctionality of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
level of qualification and professionalism of employees;
the level of technical equipment of the enterprise.

External factors (“opportunities” and “threats”) include:

market growth rates;
the level of competition;
political situation in the region, country;
features of legislation;
features of the consumer's solvency.

Example

Characteristics of the industry in the market

dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
growth rate of the market industry;
trends and features of pricing;
exhaustive assessment of competitors;
search and indication of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as a description of their activities;
description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
prospects for development in the market.

Essence of the project

This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise for the release of "public", the availability of all the funds required for this.

The most important provisions in this section are:

primary goals;
description of the target consumer segment;
key performance factors for market success;
a detailed representation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the market segment defined above;
stage of product development (if production is launched), patent and author's purity;
characteristics of the organization;
the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule for the periods and amounts of investments;
the required expenses of the initial period for the marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organizational structure.

Marketing plan

Here the tasks, goals of the marketing policy and methods for their solution and achievement are indicated. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to complete it and with what tools. The funds needed for the latter must also be indicated.

Marketing plan is a strategy, a set of successive and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and effectively return on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such points as:

a well-developed system of comprehensive market research and analysis;
the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its range, scheduled for time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
ways to improve products;
description of product packaging and pricing policy;
procurement and marketing system;
advertising strategy - clearly articulated and understandable;
service planning;
control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything related directly to the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to compile this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production.

Points to be noted:

required production capacity;
detailed interpretation of the technological process;
a detailed description of the operations entrusted to subcontractors;
the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or lease;
subcontractors;
required area for production;
raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.

organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management of the company are developed. If the enterprise already exists, then this item is still mandatory: it determines the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals. The organizational part must necessarily contain the following data:

name of the organizational and legal form (IP, OJSC, partnership and others);
an organizational management system that reflects the structure in the form of a scheme, regulations and instructions, communications and dependencies of departments;
founders, their description and data;
management team;
interaction with staff;
supplying the control system with the necessary material and technical resources;
company location.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan gives a cumulative economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, and financial stability of the enterprise.

The financial plan is very important for the investor, here he determines whether this project is attractive to him.

Here it is necessary to make some calculations and summarize them:

Risk Analysis

In a risk analysis, the author must investigate the project and discover potential threats that could lead to a decrease in revenue. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan should include:

a list of all potential problems;
a set of methods and tools that prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
models of the company's behavior in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
substantiation of the low probability of occurrence of such problems.

Applications

This is the last link in the structure of the business plan. It includes documents, quotations, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, certificates, letters from consumers, partners, statistics, calculation tables used in the preparation of this document. Attachments in the text of the business plan are required to insert links and footnotes.

General document requirements

write a business plan in a clear, concise language, without long and complex wording;
the desired volume is 20-25 pages;
the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
the document must necessarily be based on real facts, reasonable rational proposals;
the plan must have a strategic foundation: strict, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
the investor must see the future, the prospects for the development of the project idea;
The flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to the written project is a nice bonus for the investor;
conditions and modes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.

Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, construction structure and avoid mistakes.

The most common mistakes

Illiterate syllable

The rules of the language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea flies into the basket along with a bunch of plans of mediocre IPs. And all because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage the desire of any investor.

Careless design

The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data on graphs are required!

incomplete plan

To properly write a business plan, you need an exhaustive amount of information. The sections of the document listed above are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.

vague plan

Work should be "like in a pharmacy on the scales." Clear, specific, specific statements of goals and (important!) ideas.

Too many details

The abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will only help in exams. For a business plan, you need to select only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can put it in an application.

Unrealistic data

Such business proposals are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to rationally approach the idea and have a reasonable background, a real reason supported by calculations.

Few facts

For each assumption - its justification - real, valid. Facts give the work meaning and confidence. The fountain of facts is also not worth arranging, and if you are carried away, then we look at the rule about the details.

"We have no risks!"

Rule of thumb: no business without risk. There is no such business in which "quiet, yes smooth surface." The investor knows this, and the author should also know this. Therefore, it's time to descend from the clouds to the ground and study, explore, analyze.

“And we have no competitors either!”

The competitor, as well as the risk, is always there. It can be direct or indirect. Carefully and meticulously study this topic, and an opponent will definitely appear on the horizon, waving your pen.

Neglect of outside help

Creating a business plan yourself does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Don't be afraid of helpers!