Small landing hovercraft project 1232 and project 12321 - 18 units Main tactical and technical elements Displacement, t: - standard 310.0 - total 350.0 or 355.0 - maximum width 19? 4- pontoon width 17? 3- height 21.9- height

BDK "Tomsk Komsomolets"*

Killed it! Kill it! - a voice from the BDK spardeck bleated with a loud treble. The deputy commander, hearing a scream, jumped out of the cabin in his shorts and rushed along the corridor towards the spardeck, thinking on the go what could have happened on the upper deck in a foreign port at two in the morning ... At this time of the year in the Mozambican capital Maputo, a thermometer in shadows showed 42 degrees Celsius. On the spardeck, in the light of deck lighting, the deputy saw a picture that made him freeze with his mouth open ... In a man-made pool, knocked down from boards and covered with a single piece of tarpaulin, the naked body of the admiral, commander of the 8th operational squadron, lay on his back. ...The body did not move. The head of the political department of the squadron froze over him in confusion. He, too, was completely naked and pale. Shaking his head from side to side, clasping his hands quite like a woman and hitting his thighs with his palms, he was already howling softly: The deputy ordered his sailors to drain the pool in the morning, and to tear the tarpaulin with nylon brushes with laundry soap. This order he personally received from a man lying at the bottom of the pool. And the deputy thought to himself: - How could it happen that the person who forced him to drain the pool was now lying lifeless at the bottom of this man-made structure? .. Two sailors appeared with a stretcher, accompanied by the head of the medical service, Captain Kopylov. Kopylov threw a colorful towel on the squadron commander's belt, and the picture immediately brightened up. The head of the political department also began to recover. He turned his whole body to the ladder lowered into the pool, and bashfully covered the men's personal belongings with both palms. - Well, that the deputy hatched, better throw a towel, - he sang discordantly, noticing the deputy's head sticking out from behind the side of the pool. Zam, silently, handed over the towel, prudently reasoning: - Why ask stupid questions: ... what happened? how could this happen? .. And it was so clear that the commander forgot about his order, apparently did not notice the lack of water in the pool, and from the third step of the ladder, as he liked, with his back, spreading his arms, fell to the bottom of an empty pool. .. Kopylov, pulling out of the bag " emergency room"A tonometer, measured the commander's blood pressure. - Well, what's there, doctor?" - looking impatiently at the scale of the device from behind the doctor's back, the chief mutters. "Well, what about Mikhail Nikolaevich, then? Eh?" listening to the even breathing of the admiral, he seemed to be very tired at the meeting at the Soviet consulate... He paid tribute, so to speak, to the anniversary of the independence of our African friends, ... well, he got tired ... and decided to sleep. , blow? How so? - with distrust in his voice, utters the nachpo. - Well, what can I say, - the doc draws thoughtfully, straightening the towel on the commander's hips, - obviously good anesthesia helped soften the height of the fall ... - How to understand this? - asks the chief officer in bewilderment. - Simply put, - losing patience, Kopylov chooses words, ral. ... Well, I fell asleep. Sometimes it happens - lay down and fall asleep. -AND! Understood! Understood! Ah! - depicting understanding on his face, pulls the chief, - ...deputy, let's get the stretcher here. Where are these, your sailors? ... it is necessary to transfer Mikhail Nikolaevich to the cabin. When the admiral's body was carefully placed on a stretcher, the deputy leaned over to the doctor and whispered conspiratorially: - Well, can you tell me the truth? What about the admiral? How to help Mikhail Nikolaevich? - Of course, I can, - Kopylov smiles broadly, - pickled cucumber in his teeth, as soon as he wakes up, and pickle, ... pickle ... just right ... *BDK - a large landing ship.

The issue of deliveries to Russia of two landing ships-helicopter carriers "Mistral" turned into an interest in domestic developments in this area. At present, with almost 100% probability, we can say that France will not transfer the already built Mistrals to Russia. Under these conditions, the Nevsky Design Bureau (PKB) created a project for a landing ship that could become an alternative to French ships. In particular, at the booth of the main command of the Russian Navy, as part of the Army-2015 forum held in the country, a new universal landing ship of the Priboy project, developed by specialists from the Nevsky Design Bureau, was presented in the form of a model.

This ship has a displacement of about 14 thousand tons with a draft of 5 meters and is able to carry up to 8 Ka-52K and Ka-27(29) helicopters on board. The landing ship will be able to reach speeds of up to 20 knots, and its cruising range will be 6,000 miles, and the cruise autonomy will be 60 days. The ship will be 165 meters long and 25 meters wide. The universal amphibious assault ship of the Priboy project will be able to carry up to 40-60 units on board various equipment and up to 500 paratroopers. UDC will be able to take on board four Project 11770M landing craft or two Project 12061M boats. At the same time, its air defense will be built on the basis of the Pantsir-M sea-based air defense system.

The construction of the first ship of the series is planned to begin as early as 2016, RIA "" reports, citing its source. At the same time, information appeared earlier that the Russian fleet would receive a new generation landing ship by 2020. Vladimir Tryapichnikov, head of the shipbuilding department of the Russian Navy, spoke about this in June 2015. According to him, the new ship will surpass the Ivan Gren large landing craft (displacement of about 5 thousand tons) in terms of displacement, apparently, Tryapichnikov was talking about the UDC of the Surf project at that time. Presumably, 4 ships of this type will be built for the needs of the Russian Navy.

Layout UDC "Surf".

It is worth noting that the UDC of the Priboy project fits perfectly into the look of a modern landing craft. In terms of its main characteristics, it will approximately correspond to the main parameters of the Dutch universal landing ships of the Rotterdam or Johan de Witt type, which were chosen as samples. These warships also have a displacement of 14-16 thousand tons, are able to carry up to 500-600 marines and carry 6 helicopters and the necessary set of floating landing craft on board.

However, the ship of the Priboy project is the future of the Russian fleet, this project has only reached the stage of a layout, and it can take quite a while until it is built and put into service. long time. Below we will consider the large landing ships that the Russian navy actually has or will soon have (the Ivan Gren large landing ship should be accepted before the end of 2015).

BDK project 1171 "Tapir"

The large landing ship (BDK) of the ocean zone of project 1171 (code "Tapir", according to the NATO codification "Alligator") is intended for the landing of amphibious assault forces with military equipment on an unequipped coast with a small bottom slope, as well as the transfer of cargo and troops by sea. The ship is able to land landing units directly on the shore, and floating equipment can be launched into the water. lead ship this project"Voronezhsky Komsomolets" was laid down on February 5, 1964 on the slipway of the Baltic Shipyard No. 820 "Yantar" in Kaliningrad. The ship was launched on July 1, 1964. For all its shortcomings, it was the first BDK in the Soviet Union, which could, with an expeditionary battalion of marines on board, serve for some time in remote areas of the oceans. For ten years from 1964 to 1974, 14 ships of this project were built in the USSR, which were produced in four different options. For almost 20 years, Project 1171 ships formed the backbone of the strategic landing forces of the USSR.

The ship had a total displacement of 4,650 tons, a draft of 4.5 meters, a length of 113.1 meters, and a width of 15.6 meters. The full speed of the BDK of the Tapir project was 16.5 knots. The cruising range was equal to 4.8 thousand miles (about 8.9 thousand kilometers). The autonomy of navigation of a large landing ship in terms of provisions and fuel (without their replenishment in the campaign) for the first ships of the series was 10 days, for subsequent ships - 20 days.

The ship's landing gear includes a bow gate with a ramp, as well as a folding sealed port located at the stern. Equipment can be loaded onto the ship under its own power through the stern or bow landing gear. There are special cranes on the ship for loading cargo on the upper deck or through hatches in the tween deck. Landing from a ship can be carried out afloat, and non-floating equipment is landed directly on the coast, while the minimum bottom slope should be 2-3 degrees (depending on the mass of cargo taken on board the ship). Among other things, Project 1171 BDK could be used to transport ammunition, as well as to transport missiles in containers.

The power plant of the ship is diesel, it consists of two power units with a capacity of 4.5 thousand horsepower each (engine models differed depending on the modification of the ship). The armament could also be different and consisted of a twin 57-mm ZIF-31B universal naval artillery mount and two twin 25-mm 2M-3 guns. Also, two installations of the Grad-M multiple launch rocket system were mounted on the ship, designed to support the landing. For air defense, the Strela-3 MANPADS were to be used.

The BDK of project 1171 could take on board up to 20 main battle tanks, about 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks and from 300 to 400 troops. The members of the landing party were placed in two cockpits under the first and fourth tween decks. In addition, the ship could be used to transport goods, taking on board up to 1000 tons of various cargoes. In the bow of the ship there was a compartment for armored vehicles, there was also a ramp closed by sliding gates. In the stern of the ship for loading and unloading operations, a folding port was equipped. The crew of the ship consisted of 69 people, including 5 officers (the crew of 83 people, including 7 officers and 11 midshipmen for the large landing ship "Nikolai Vilkov", Pacific Fleet, 1990s). According to information from open sources, there are currently 4 Project 1171 BDKs in service with the Russian Navy: 3 ships in the Black Sea Fleet and one ship Pacific Fleet.

BDK project 1174 "Rhino"

BDK ocean zone project 1174 (code "Rhino", according to NATO codification Ivan Rogov) was designed to transport and disembark troops and military equipment on both equipped and non-equipped coasts with a small bottom slope. The ship is able to land troops directly on the coast, floating equipment - on the water, non-floating military equipment- with the help of special landing craft, landing personnel with a wearable can also land ashore by helicopters.

In the process of designing the ship, at the direction of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Soviet Union S. G. Gorshkov, changes were made to the project, which ultimately led to the creation of a very original universal landing ship with a relatively small displacement. As a result of changes to the project, a dock chamber appeared on the ship, and the composition of the air group deployed on board was increased. Changes to the project in the course of work were made under the impression of the US Navy's ongoing program to build the Tarawa-type UDC. In the course of all the improvements, the accessibility of the shores for the BDK project 1174 became: for the bow gangway - 17%, for landing craft - more than 40%, for helicopters - 100%.

The ships of this project were built in the USSR from 1973 to 1988, in total three such ships were built. The ships were laid down and built in Kaliningrad on the Baltic shipyard No. 820 "Amber". Due to the constant changes in the project, the lead ship of the Ivan Rogov series was ready only in 1978, 14 years after the issuance of the terms of reference for its design. In total, three such vessels were built in Kaliningrad: Ivan Rogov (1978), Alexander Nikolaev (1982) and Mtrofan Moskalenko (1990). The first ship was decommissioned from the fleet in 1996. The other two were placed on reserve in 1997 and 2002 respectively. After the Mistrals, information appeared in the press about the study of the issue of restoring the ships and returning them to the Russian Navy.

The length of the ship of project 1174 code "Rhino" was 157.5 meters, width - 23.8 meters, draft - 5 meters. The total displacement of the ship was 14,060 tons. Full speed - 21 knots, cruising range at a speed of 18 knots and a normal fuel reserve of 4 thousand miles, with a maximum fuel reserve of 7500 miles. The power plant of the ship was a gas turbine and included two power units with a capacity of 18 thousand hp each. every. The autonomy of navigation in terms of provisions was 15 days with 500 paratroopers on board or 30 days with 250 paratroopers on board. The crew of the ship was 239 people, including 37 officers. To receive liquid and solid cargoes at sea, the ship was equipped with special systems.

The armament of the ships varied depending on the modification and consisted of an AK-726 artillery mount of 76.2 mm caliber, two AK-630 6x30 mm gun mounts, two Grad-M multiple rocket launchers, one Osa-M air defense system (ammunition 20 missiles) and four MANPADS "Strela-3". Up to 4 Ka-29 transport and combat helicopters could be based on board the ship.

In the tank hold of the BDK and the dock chamber, in the absence of swimming facilities in it, it was possible to load up to 50 PT-76 tanks, 80 armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, or up to 120 vehicles. In this case, the equipment could be loaded on board in various combinations. Also on board it was possible to place up to 500 troops in several cockpits and four-seater officer cabins, or to place 1,700 tons of various cargoes. Up to 6 project 1785 or project 1176 landing craft could be accepted into the ship's dock chamber to unload non-floating military equipment ashore. Either three Project 1206 landing craft hovercraft or landing craft on air cavity Project 11770 Chamois.

BDK project 775

BDK project 775 for the needs of the Soviet fleet were built in Poland at the shipyard Stocznia Polnocna (Stochnia Polnochna), in the city of Gdansk. The ships were built from 1974 to 1991, in total 28 ships of this project were built here in three different modifications. Initially, they were classified as medium landing ships (SDK), but in 1977 they were reclassified as BDK. Currently, the ships of this project are the most massive BDK of the Russian fleet, forming the basis of the Russian landing fleet. 15 ships of this type remain in service, and taking into account the Ukrainian large landing ship "Konstantin Olshansky" captured in 2014 by Russian military personnel - 16.

Project 775 landing ships were created to replace the project 1171 large landing ship. The new ship was supposed to receive more powerful weapons and improved survivability, unlike project 1171, which was made on the basis of a dry cargo ship. Project 775 ships were originally designed as a ship specially designed for landing operations. They were supposed to take an intermediate position between the Rhinos and the KFOR. Project 775 large landing ships are 112.5 meters long, 15 meters wide, have a draft of 4.26 meters, and the total displacement of the ship is 4,400 tons. Full speed - 17.6 knots, cruising range up to 4 thousand miles (about 7.4 thousand kilometers), navigation autonomy - up to 30 days. As a power plant, two Zgoda-Sulzer diesel engines were used, developing a power of 9.6 thousand hp. every.

The armament of the ships of this project was different depending on the modifications. Initially, it was planned to install two twin artillery mounts of 57-mm AK-725 caliber with remote guidance. To increase firepower and air defense systems, a 76.2-mm AK-176 artillery mount and two AK-630M 6x30-mm guns were installed on ships of the 775M project. To suppress the coastal defense of the enemy and destroy his manpower, two Grad-M MLRS launchers were installed on Project 775 landing ships. MANPADS "Strela-3" and "Igla" could be used as air defense systems.

Project 775 ships were originally designed to transport by sea a reinforced company of marines or 225 paratroopers and 10 tanks. The dimensions of the cargo compartment are 95x4.5x4.5 meters, and the ship could also take on board up to 480 tons of various cargoes. The paratroopers were accommodated in several cabins, and the officers in four-bed cabins. The crew of the ship was 98 people, including 8 officers.

BDK project 11711 "Ivan Gren"

Project 11711 large landing ships (according to the NATO codification Ivan Gren) are a project of new large landing ships of the Russian fleet, designed for landing, transporting cargo, military equipment and equipment. This landing ship is a further development of the Project 1171 Tapir ships, while most of the ship's design has undergone major changes. On June 11, 2015, at the Yantar Baltic Shipbuilding Plant in Kaliningrad, the laying ceremony of the second BDK of Project 11711 Pyotr Morgunov was held. The lead ship of the Ivan Gren series was laid down at the Kaliningrad shipyard in December 2004, the ship was launched in May 2012, and the ship is scheduled to be handed over to the military in 2015. In total, by 2020, the Russian Navy should have received 6 ships of this type.

When creating the ship, much attention was paid to the living conditions on it for the crew and troops. Loading of military equipment onto the ship is possible in two ways: independently using ramps, or using port or deck cargo cranes through a four-leaf cargo hatch located in the upper deck. These hatches also make it possible to ventilate the underdeck space, when, immediately before the landing, the combat vehicles start the engines running at idle, which leads to the filling of the landing space with exhaust gases. To carry out loading and unloading operations in the cargo hatch area, the ship has a crane with a lifting capacity of 16 tons and two boat cranes designed to work with motor boats and boats.

The total displacement of the Ivan Gren large landing ship is 5,000 tons, which makes it the largest among all large landing ships of the Russian fleet currently in service. Full speed is 18 knots, cruising range is up to 3500 nautical miles at a speed of 16 knots. Autonomy of navigation - up to 30 days. The crew of the ship consists of 100 people. Military equipment is located on the tank deck inside the BDK, it can be either main battle tanks weighing up to 60 tons (13 tanks), or infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers (up to 36 units), or 300 troops.

Of the weapons, two Grad-M MLRS launchers, two AK-630M 6x30-mm artillery mounts, as well as an AK-176 universal artillery mount of 76.2 mm caliber are installed on board the ship. In addition, the ship provides for the deployment of one transport-combat helicopter Ka-29. According to some information, the Igla-V complex can be used as an air defense system.

Sources of information:
http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2028399
http://lenta.ru/news/2015/06/16/priboy
http://www.rg.ru/2015/06/16/analog-site.html
http://navalcadet.narod.ru
http://www.shipyard-yantar.ru/ru/press/265-zalozhitbdk.html

The large landing ship "Saratov" (former "BDK-10", "Voronezh Komsomolets", "BDK-65") is the lead in a series of 14 ships of project 1171, built in four series at the Baltic Shipyard "Yantar" in Kaliningrad for the Soviet Navy.

Large landing ships of project 1171 "Tapir" (according to NATO classification - "Alligator") - a series of Soviet large landing ships, which are designed for landing amphibious assaults on an unequipped coast and the transfer of troops and cargo by sea. BDK are able to transport different kinds armored vehicles, including tanks. The development of the project was the BDK project 11711 being built for the Russian Navy.

The ship can carry a cargo of 20 main battle tanks, or 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks, and 300 landing troops (two landing cabins, in the first and fourth twin decks). The ship can carry up to 1000 tons of various cargoes. On the nose there is a compartment for armored vehicles, and there is also a landing ramp, in the form of sliding bow and stern gates.

The large landing ship "Saratov" (tail number 150) was laid down under the name "BDK-10" on February 05, 1964, building number 291. Launched on July 01, 1964. Entered service on August 18, 1966. Became part of the Black Sea Fleet.

Had the following tail numbers: 9 (1966); 447 (1969); 419 (1972); 405, 431, 435 (1974); 136, 139 (1982); 142 (1985); 146 (1989); 150 (since 1990).

Main characteristics: Displacement 4650 tons. Length 113.1 meters, width 15.6 meters, draft 4.5 meters. Max speed travel 16.5 knots. Cruising range of 10 thousand miles at 15 knots. Capacity up to 1500 tons of equipment and cargo. The crew is 55 people.

Power plant: 2 diesels, 2 propellers, 9000 hp

Armament: 1x2 57-mm ZIF-31B gun mount, 3x8 MANPADS launchers.

February 22, 1967 the ship was named "Voronezh Komsomolets". He was part of the 39th division of the amphibious assault forces, based on the Crimean Naval Base (Donuzlav).

From 1966 to 2004, with Marine Corps units on board, he made more than 20 long-distance trips lasting 6-8 months.

In the period from 1991 to 1994 he was in conservation in Odessa. During this period, February 15, 1992 was renamed "BDK-65". During the division of the fleet, he was reassigned to the command of the 30th division of surface ships.

In August 2000, for 4 flights, transported from the Gonio loading point (Batumi region) to the Utrishenok disembarkation point (Novorossiysk region) part of the weapons and equipment of the Group’s contingent Russian troops in the Caucasus.

On August 10, 2008, as part of a grouping of ships of the Black Sea Fleet, he took battle with Georgian boats during the war in South Ossetia.

In the autumn-winter of 2012, he completed the tasks of a campaign in the Mediterranean Sea. On December 10, large landing ships and "Saratov" of the Black Sea Fleet after a trip to the Mediterranean Sea.

According to a message dated January 11, 2013, on a ship that was heading to the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea to participate in an inter-naval exercise of the Russian Navy, one of the diesel generators. In connection with this, the command made a decision to conduct, with the involvement of specialists, the floating workshop "PM-56", on board of which there are necessary spare parts. The ship was repaired with the participation of "PM-56" in the Syrian port of Tartus.

According to a message dated February 17, 2014 in Sevastopol. In 2014, the large landing craft "Saratov" completed at least 4 trips to the Mediterranean Sea. On March 4, early in the morning, the BDK "Saratov" and the BDK "Yamal" entered the Black Sea.