Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………
1 Characteristics of accommodation facilities……………………….…………………
1.1 History of the development of accommodation facilities………………………….…….
1.2 The concept of accommodation………………………………………………………………
1.2.1 Classification of accommodation facilities…………………………………
1.2.2 Technology system services for tourists in accommodation facilities…………………………………………………………………………………..
1.2.3 Types of rooms in accommodation facilities………………………………………………………
1.3 General requirements to accommodation facilities…………………………..
2 Analysis and prospects for the development of accommodation facilities…………………..
2.1 Modern tendencies development of accommodation facilities in the world.........
2.2 Current state and prospects for the development of accommodation enterprises in Russia………………………………………………………...
2.2.1 Current status hotel business ………...…………...
2.2.2 Problems of the Russian hotel business and ways to solve them...
2.2.3 Prospects for the development of the hotel business……………………….
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..
List of sources used………………………………………………………

Introduction

The services provided to tourists by accommodation facilities are the main services in tourism activities, both when organizing individual and group travel.

Standard international classification accommodation facilities involves two types: collective accommodation facilities and individual means placement. In turn, collective accommodation facilities are divided into hotels and similar accommodation facilities; specialized accommodation facilities and other collective accommodation facilities. Hotels and similar accommodation facilities have the following characteristics:

Consist of numbers, the number of which exceeds a certain minimum, have a single management;

Provide a variety of hotel services, the list of which is not limited to daily making of beds, cleaning of rooms and bathrooms;

Grouped into classes (classified) and may have service quality categories (certified) according to the services provided, equipment available, building architecture and personnel qualifications.

The minimum occupancy of hotels and similar accommodation varies depending on national and regional conditions and current standards and is usually 7-10 numbers.

Specialized accommodation facilities provide a minimum of services and do not necessarily consist of rooms. These establishments, in addition to providing accommodation services, provide specialized services such as treatment and rehabilitation, social services, organization of meetings and conferences, etc. The specificity of the services provided determines the classes of these accommodation facilities: sanatoriums, resorts, congress centers, various types of labor and recreation camps.

Other collective accommodation facilities are accommodation facilities of any type, including non-profit ones, providing a minimum amount of services and not necessarily consisting of rooms. These may include campsites, accommodation facilities social nature(dormitories, holiday homes).

The authors of the domestic, so-called state system of classification of hotels and other accommodation facilities claim that a single government system classification of hotels, as in other countries of the world, in particular in France.

The purpose of this course work– study and analyze the history of the emergence of accommodation enterprises, their types, development prospects, as well as the state and problems of accommodation enterprises in Russia.

The topic of development of accommodation facilities in Russia was not chosen by chance, because... I consider it relevant, because intensive development of the tourism industry is beginning in Russia, because the country has all the necessary prerequisites, namely: recreational resources, qualified labor resources, a large number of cultural and architectural monuments of World Heritage – for example: the city Saint Petersburg. international tourism plays an increasingly prominent role in the global economy. Accommodation is the most important element of the tourism industry. A tourist is considered a visitor who has received a hotel room with a bed. Since the state is currently pursuing a policy to improve the quality of tourism services, this is expressed in the reconstruction of hotels built in the 50-60s, new ones are being built, a network of educational institutions is developing that prepare qualified labor resources for the tourism industry, and work is underway on advertising.

1 Characteristics of accommodation facilities

1.1 History of the development of accommodation facilities in Russia

Development of tourism in 1970-1990 occurred in accordance with plans, the implementation of which was mandatory. They were developed for long periods (5-10 years) and approved higher authorities on tourism. Standard indicators plans that were taken as a basis for the development tourism industry and services were subject to strict control.

Tourism was used as a means of educational influence on the younger generation. Thus, in the 1970s, all-Union hikes and expeditions of schoolchildren and youth were carried out. The goals of such massive tourism enterprises consisted of instilling patriotism, excursion and local history work, sports training and hardening.

Since that time, new forms of recreation began to be introduced: some tourist centers began to accept parents with children. The range of tourism services in tourism enterprises has increased.

The Central Council for Tourism and Excursions (as it began to be called in 1969) opened the Central Tourist Advanced Training Courses for tourist and excursion workers and the Central Advertising and Information Bureau "Tourist", which issued methodological literature on tourism and excursion business. Great attention was paid to the improvement of existing tourist hotels, bases, and campsites.

The tourism and excursion business has turned into large industry services to the population has become firmly established in the life of Soviet people. Routes for parents with children were developed, transport trips were organized: motor ships (river and sea), railway and air.

In October 1980, in the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions “On the further development and improvement of the tourist and excursion business in the country” the following tasks were defined:

Creation of comfortable year-round tourist institutions;

Expanding the volume of tourism services to citizens, since their growing needs were not fully satisfied;

Creation of a tourism industry, improving the quality of service;

Improving the types and forms of services provided.

IN long-term plans during construction, preference was given to large tourist complexes, including hotels, tourist centers, campsites, shelters, and enterprises Catering, shops selling souvenirs, resort and sporting goods.

An important area of ​​activity of tourist organizations in the early 1980s was the research and study of tourist and excursion opportunities of territories, regions, republics and the development of promising schemes for the development of tourism in individual regions.

In the period 1980-1992 the material and technical base of medical and health tourism gradually grew, new hotel complexes appeared in major cities countries (“Izmailovo” and “Salyut” in Moscow, “Tourist” in Pskov, “Velingrad” in Kislovodsk, etc.), new types of services have become widespread - family vacations and course treatment. During the course of treatment, vacationers lived in apartments and houses in the private sector, and received a course of treatment and recovery in a sanatorium. Recreational services were well developed on the basis of sanatoriums and holiday homes.

1.2. The concept of accommodation facilities

Accommodation facilities are premises with at least 5 rooms and used by organizations of various organizational and legal forms and individual entrepreneurs for temporary accommodation of tourists; room in an accommodation facility - one or more rooms with furniture, equipment and supplies necessary for the temporary residence of tourists.

Tourist accommodation facilities - any facility intended for temporary accommodation of tourists (hotel, tourist center, camping ground, etc.).

In world practice, there is no generally accepted definition of “tourist accommodation facility,” however, WTO experts propose to consider as such “any facility that regularly (or sometimes) provides tourists with overnight accommodation.”

The most common entrance exams:

• Russian language
• Mathematics (basic level)
• Social studies is a core subject, at the choice of the university
• History - at the choice of university
• Computer science and information and communication technologies (ICT) - at the university's choice
• Foreign language - at the choice of the university

The popularization and mass distribution of tourism in the world, cooperation with foreign partners and other factors require the presence of qualified specialists who would be well versed in hotel business and management tourism business generally. That is why this specialty attracts many applicants who (provided good teaching) are guaranteed to be successfully employed.

The most common admission exams

To enroll in the specialty “Hospitality,” applicants are asked to pass exams or pass Unified State Exam results in three subjects. The profile exam is social studies, since training involves studying a large number of social disciplines.

Other mandatory exams are Russian and history. Some universities are replacing history with computer science and ICT. At your look educational institution A foreign language exam may be offered.

Brief description of the specialty

A specialist in this area can be involved in organizational, managerial or production technical professional activity. Students study a number of disciplines that allow them to form professional competencies. However important role in the training of specialists, attention is paid to the formation of the culture of the future hotel employee. Therefore, among the disciplines you can find conflictology and psychology business communication. During the learning process, students participate in various trainings, undergo several internships, including abroad (depending on the specific university), and learn two foreign languages.

Large universities

The most famous educational institutions that train specialists in the specialty 43.03.03 “Hotel Management”

• Russian State University physical culture, sports, youth and tourism;
• Voskresensk Institute of Tourism (branch) of the Russian International Academy of Tourism;
• Moscow state institute tourism industry named after Yu.A. Senkevich;
• Academy of Labor and social relations;
• Russian State University of Tourism and Service.

Terms and forms of training

Training involves the following forms: full-time, part-time and part-time. The duration of full-time study is 4 years, in other forms - from 4 years 4 months to 5 years. After receiving a bachelor's degree, you can continue your studies in this specialty at a master's degree.

Subjects studied by students

During the training process, students master six cycles of disciplines and separately physical education.

These are the following cycles:

• humanitarian,
• social,
• economic,
• mathematical,
• natural science,
• professional.

Each of the above cycles includes a basic and profile part. The disciplines of the basic part of the cycles include philosophy, logic, history, psychology, life safety, economics, marketing, foreign language, computer science and others.

Thanks to the profile part, the student receives a good vocational training and the opportunity for successful further education. Such disciplines are determined by the university depending on the specific profile of study.

Profile disciplines may be as follows::

• logistics, hotel industry technologies,
• hotel animation,
• public relations in the industry,
• basics of entrepreneurship,
• hotel personnel management,
• business planning and others.

A number of disciplines are offered to students to choose from depending on what directly interests them in the hotel business. This could be the basics of service science, sales management, marketing in the hotel and tourism industry and others.

Gained knowledge and skills

During the course of study, a Bachelor in Hotel Management acquires the following knowledge and skills:

Who to work with

Bachelor's graduates are employed in various organizations and companies in the hotel and tourism industry and hold positions of director, department manager, specialist in sales, planning, development, marketing and advertising departments. The specialty also implies successful entrepreneurial activity.

The next area of ​​employment is hotels, hotels, sanatoriums, recreation centers, health and resort complexes.

Here graduates can take the following positions:

• supervisor,
• administrator,
• manager,
• head of the reservation, accommodation, service department,
• personnel manager, etc.

You can find a job both in resorts or large cities of our country, and abroad. The choice of country may depend on the second study foreign language. Wage starts from 30 thousand rubles for service managers and from 40 thousand rubles for hotel managers. For large hotels and popular tourist destinations, these figures almost double.

There is a prospect of building a career vertically (from personnel manager to manager) and horizontally (with a transition to larger and more popular hotels).

This is a popular direction for both education and development of the country. Many people think about what kind of education to get to successfully work in this field. Understanding this issue is not as difficult as it seems. In fact, it is enough to know just a few features of training. But choosing a place to receive an appropriate education is more difficult. There are a lot of different institutions that allow graduates to work in the hotel and restaurant business. And an ignorant person may simply get confused in the choice.

What is the work

So, the first step is to understand what a citizen who has decided to work in a direction called “hotel and restaurant business” will have to do. It is not entirely clear what will need to be done in this or that case.

The point is that upon graduation from one or another institution a person will become a restaurateur. Or, as he is also called, a hotel and restaurant business manager. The tasks of such an employee are varied.

Among the main activities are:

• work quality control;
• management of hotels or restaurants;
• establishing a supply of items necessary for the functioning of the business;
• marketing planning.

In other words, such a manager is a universal worker in the hotel and restaurant business. Most often found as an administrator in a particular institution.

Ways of learning

Didn't the definition scare you away? Then you should think about training. Where can you master this type of activity as the hotel and restaurant business? Where should a person go to receive an appropriate education? There are a lot of options. Everyone chooses one or another institution to build their career and receive education in the hotel and restaurant industry.

If we briefly list all possible places of study, we can highlight the following organizations:

• universities in Russia and outside the country;
• colleges;
• organizations offering retraining;
• private training companies.

Each training option has its own characteristics. They will be discussed further below. What should you pay attention to in this or that case? How to become a restaurateur without any problems?

Retraining

It's probably worth starting with the least common scenario. We are talking about taking retraining courses. They are usually organized either by the employer or by specialized labor exchanges.

The average training period is 2-3 months. No entrance tests will be required. Upon graduation, the citizen receives a certificate of retraining as a restaurateur. From now on, he will be able to work in the hotel and restaurant business.

Private centers

The next training option is to contact private training centers. This good way receiving additional education, as well as self-development. With the help of specialized courses, you can easily master the hotel and restaurant business. It is recommended to inquire about the programs offered by certain private educational institutions.

They usually study for about a year. In rare cases, the training lasts several months or years. After listening to lectures, you usually need to take a final test and pass an exam. And after this, the person is given a certificate stating that he is now considered a restaurateur. The document usually lists the skills acquired.

Are you interested in the hotel and restaurant business? What subjects will you have to take to study at private centers? None. And it pleases. There are no entrance tests at private educational centers. It's enough to just pay for your education.

Universities

A more serious approach is to study at universities in the country. Modern universities offer several options for mastering the specialty of a restaurateur. You can study at a university on the basis of secondary vocational education or get a higher education. In the first case, education will be obtained. He is not very valued by employers. In the second, the graduate will receive a diploma of higher education. This is what attracts many employers. Although, as practice shows, the hotel and restaurant business allows you to successfully build a career with a diploma of secondary specialized education.

Depending on the type of study chosen, you will have to spend either 2 years, or 3, or 4 as a student. In the first two cases we're talking about about average special education based on 9th or 11th grade, respectively. Higher education takes 4 years.

A distinctive feature of studying at universities and colleges is the presence of entrance examinations. To be accepted as a student, you will need to pass certain exams. More on them a little later. First, you should find out where exactly in Russia you can go to study to become a restaurateur.

Universities for studying

There are a lot of higher educational institutions in Russia. Where do they study in the field of "hotel and restaurant business"? Universities in Russia that offer to become restaurateurs include the following:

• Plekhanov University;
• RSUH;
• Sechenov Moscow State Institute;
• Russian State University of Tourism and Service (Moscow).

These are not all educational institutions. In almost every humanitarian university you can become a restaurateur. Only the above-mentioned places, as students say, provide the best training in their chosen field.

College

Are you interested in the hotel and restaurant business? College is the most common option for getting an appropriate education to start a career. Usually, admission to specialized schools is considered after 9th or 11th grade.

Depending on the chosen educational institution, entrance examinations are either present or absent. Where exactly should I go to study? You can choose a humanitarian technical school. And then see if there is a direction that interests the applicant. As already mentioned, after 9th grade they study for 2 years, after 11th grade - 3.

Where exactly should I go? You can pay attention to:

• management and hotel and restaurant business;
• Small Business College No. 48;
• food college in Moscow;
• Krasnodar Trade and Economic College.

This is all just the beginning. The list could take a very long time. Are you interested in the hotel and restaurant business? The college in St. Petersburg at 154a embankment is considered the most successful choice among residents of St. Petersburg.

Tests

What's next? Now it is important to understand what tests you will have to go through. As already mentioned, technical schools sometimes admit students simply by application. It is enough to simply present a certificate of secondary education, an identity card and an application for enrollment.

And if the university is studying the hotel and restaurant business, what should I take? Mandatory exams include:

• Russian language;
• mathematics.

Both subjects must be passed at the basic level. But in the major you will have to take social studies. In some cases, they may also request the Unified State Examination or State Examination English language. These are all the exams that you will have to pass. And then enrolling in a hotel and restaurant business college or university will not be difficult.

It is believed that working in the hospitality industry is a great opportunity to see the world, meet interesting people and at the same time earn good money.

That's right‚ but first of all it's work! This is where you need to find mutual language With different people- capricious and flexible, stubborn and accommodating, rude and polite. Specialists in this industry need to have certain qualities and, first of all, feel the line that cannot be crossed. So, the willingness to help should not become an obsession, but develop into familiarity. Nevertheless, thousands of people love their job and would not change it for any other, because it has many advantages.

Tourism manager

Profile training can be completed at MSLU, Moscow State Institute of Tourism Industry named after. Yu. A. Senkevich and others.

Travel agent

In operating companies, as if in production, they put together all the components of the tour, set a price, and then send the finished product to the “store” - tourist agency. This is where people come who want to go on vacation! The specialist’s task is to suggest where it is better to go with children, what newlyweds will like, and where older people can get treatment.

The agent answers clients' calls, looks for suitable options for them, concludes an agreement and draws up other Required documents. Communication with customers takes up 70% of his working time, so introverted people are better off looking for something else to do! You need to be a sociable and charming person, have an excellent memory, and not miss a single detail. First of all, you need to understand what the client wants, and then be able to describe the resort in such a way that the buyer immediately starts packing his bags. In this case, the information must be truthful, otherwise the dispute between the parties will subsequently have to be resolved in court.

A travel agent needs to have iron self-control and a balanced character: he resolves all problems that arise, it is he who clients call with any questions (delayed flight, don’t like food or room, etc.).

Administrator

At the hotel, vacationers are greeted by a universal receptionist. He is responsible for registration and check-in of guests, can tell guests where shops or bus stops are located, and what services the hotel offers. His responsibilities also include monitoring the fulfillment of customer requests, informing other hotel services about arrivals and departures. In small hostels, he acts as a cashier, takes phone calls and makes room reservations. In large complexes, several administrators may work simultaneously at the reception desk. By the way, in chain hotels they have the most difficult time: there are a lot of corporate requirements - these include guest rules, mandatory uniforms, etc.

Only a stress-resistant person with an impeccable knowledge of etiquette, psychology, and service principles can work successfully in the hotel business. In no case should you treat the client with indifference or ignore his requests - after objectively assessing the situation, the specialist needs to be able to take the necessary measures as quickly as possible. Moreover, the administrator must have a degree of healthy cynicism so that if complaints are made, he does not take them personally: the guests’ dissatisfaction is usually not directed at an individual employee; they are not satisfied with the service as a whole.

Both people with secondary vocational education can become a hotel administrator. The main thing is work experience and knowledge of a foreign language. In some cases, there may be age restrictions or requirements for appearance and gender.

All hotels operate 24 hours a day; in small hotels, the receptionist can replace the receptionist at night. If the first one is engaged in " external activities"(registration of visitors)‚ then the second is responsible for the coordinated work of all internal services. He controls the delivery of luggage to guests, the work of messengers, keeps a log of duties, submits reports to the accounting department, coordinates many private issues, for example, the number of guests with the restaurant administration, etc.

This position can be filled by a person with secondary education and basic knowledge. Before starting work, the employee must familiarize himself in detail with regulatory documents regarding service issues and hotel rules.

It should be taken into account that the receptionist will probably have to deal with conflict situations‚which often arise when serving customers. This means that he needs to have good communication skills and strength of character in order to be able to smooth out rough edges and find effective ways to resolve conflicts. Tactfulness, attentiveness, and a good memory will also come in handy. Typically, receptionists work in shifts and earn about 35,000 rubles. plus tip.

This specialist accompanies tourists on hikes, bus tours, cruises, and excursions. Along the route, he tells guests about the sights and traditions of the country, helps them communicate with the local population, for example, in shops when buying souvenirs or in cafes. This work is not easy, because the guide spends most of the time on his feet, bearing responsibility for travelers. So the profession is not suitable for those who love peace - it is for energetic and enterprising people!

A good specialist is sociable, polite, and punctual. He has to work with different clients, so he needs to have patience and endurance. An excellent sense of humor, resourcefulness, a broad outlook are the qualities necessary for a guide, because sometimes tourists ask rather tricky and unexpected questions. In addition, a lot depends on the personal charm and charisma of the specialist, on whether he loves his job. A careless, tongue-tied and indifferent guide can spoil tourists’ impressions of even the most beautiful and unusual monuments.

In addition to the local dialect, the guide must speak at least two. Basic knowledge of psychology and medicine will also help in your work. To be successful, you must have a specialized education, although there are exceptions when emigrants who have lived in the country for a long time and are able to talk about its culture and customs are hired.

Nowadays, more and more young people are interested in the specialty of hotel management, because with such a profession there is every chance to really quickly climb the career ladder and have big income. However, before choosing the hotel business, you need to clearly understand what exactly this profession is, what responsibilities it carries, its nuances and features.

Specialty hotel service

Graduating from a university with a specialty hotel service(specialty code 43.02 11), and after working in it, the graduate is obliged to:

• monitor the creation of comfortable conditions in hotels,
• solve organizational and strategic problems,
• organize truly comfortable conditions for clients and consumers,
• maintain cleanliness and order,
• work with customer reviews and complaints and promptly resolve them.

So, working in the specialty of hotel service is truly an extraordinary and serious matter.

Specialty hotel service - colleges

Opportunity to get average professional education in this specialty they provide:

• Sestroretsk Lyceum named after. S. I. Mosina;
• Nizhny Novgorod College of Small Business;
• Sergiev Posad College;
• Tuapse Social Pedagogical College;
• Regional College of Entrepreneurship, Perm;
• Rybinsk Industrial and Economic College;
• Ural College of Business, Management and Beauty Technology, Yekaterinburg;
• Rostov College of Fashion Industry, Economics and Service;
• Perm College of Professional Technologies and Design.

Moscow colleges with a specialty in hotel service

• College "Moscow Region", Klin (Moscow region, Klin district);
• College of Hospitality Industry and Management No. 23, Moscow;
• College of Urban Planning, Transport and Technology No. 41, Moscow;
• Polytechnic College No. 50, Moscow;
• Educational complex "South-West", Moscow;
• Moscow College of Management, Hotel Business and information technologies"Tsaritsino".

Specialty hotel management in St. Petersburg

• St. Petersburg Technical College of Management and Commerce;
• Leningrad Social Pedagogical College;
• Petrovsky College, St. Petersburg.

Hospitality specialty

This specialty entails the following responsibilities:

• control of accommodation services, managers,
• organization staff work,
• control of service and reservation services, work of the company’s logistics center.

Of course, all of these responsibilities may vary and depend on the specific position. In any case, you need to understand that the hotel business is a specialty that requires dedication and great self-control.

Hotel business specialty

This specialty implies:

• solving issues of customer accommodation and their comfort,
• resolving money issues,
• management of employees and control of all services related to reservations, accommodation, and service.

In addition, an expert in the hotel business must be attentive and communicative, easily resolve any issues and have nerves of steel.

Universities specializing in hotel management (hotel service)

Those who have already made their choice are most likely worried about the question: “which university is better to enroll in?” If you are attracted to the specialty of hotel management, Moscow universities conduct annual admissions for it. So, you have every chance to enroll in institutes such as MGIIT or the Academy of Law and Management. But for those who want to get a specialty in hotel service after 9th grade, the doors of Small Business College No. 48 or the College of Hotel Management will open their doors. When choosing Moscow universities with a specialty in hotel management, you can pay attention to the Moscow State Institute named after E.R. Dashkova, which produces real experts.

Moscow universities with a specialty in hotel management

Get higher education in this specialty they provide:

• Russian State Humanitarian University;
• Moscow State Institute of Tourism Industry named after Yu.A. Senkevich;
• Russian New University;
• Russian State Social University;
• Institute of Tourism and Hospitality (Moscow) (branch) of the Russian State University of Tourism and Service;
• Gzhel State University;
• Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism;
• Moscow State Transport University of Emperor Nicholas II;
• Moscow Humanitarian and Technical Academy;
• Moscow Humanitarian University;
• Peoples' Friendship University of Russia;
• Moscow Humanitarian Institute named after E.R. Dashkova;
• Academy of Labor and Social Relations;
• Domodedovo branch of the Russian New University;
• Moscow University of Public Administration.

What to do after graduating from university?

Those who are going to get a specialty in hotel service are primarily interested in what job to do after completing their studies. Where to work as a hotel service major? Having received this education, you can work as a hotel administrator or receptionist. But those who have completed training specifically in the specialty of hotel management can get a job as a manager of a hotel, inn or restaurant. You can work as a deputy or chief manager. And those who are specialists in the hotel business can occupy various management and administrative positions in hotels or restaurants.