Shutter speed is the time during which the camera captures the image.. When photographing, light is captured using the camera's sensor or film. When we are not taking a picture, the film or sensor is closed with a shutter. During shooting, the shutter opens and the film or sensor receives the image from the lens. The amount of time until the shutter is open is the shutter speed.

No, the article is not about alcohol, the article is about the photographic concept of exposure. Endurance is easy. On phones and digital cameras Ah (soap cameras) there is no mechanical shutter as such. There, the matrix is ​​turned on/off as a shutter. But the principle of operation is completely preserved with the only difference: instead, the matrix of the soap dish is simply updated. Now fashionable mirrorless cameras, for example, do not have a mirror, but have a real mechanical shutter, which produces that very pleasant shutter click.

How is exposure measured?

Exposure is measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days. Usually, even a second is too long a shutter speed, therefore, the shutter speed is almost always indicated in fractions of a second. For example, 1/60, 1/120, 1/500, 1/4000, the word “sec” or “s” or “sec” is often added, as is done in my photographs in this article. If the shutter speed is indicated in seconds, then the second sign is written next to the number - 2′, 10′, or simply 3 s, 15 s. The expression '1/20 s' is read as 'one twentieth of a second'.

How to adjust shutter speed in camera?

The easiest way to adjust shutter speed in your camera is in shutter speed mode or manual mode. Shutter mode is usually designated as S(shutter - shutter) or Sv(shutter value - shutter value, shutter speed value), sometimes you can see the designation TV(time value – time value). This mode is usually located on the shooting mode dial (more details). Shutter speed affects the amount of time the camera shutter is open. In these modes, simply set the shutter speed that you need. You will have to read the instructions on how to do this.

Exposure varies

It can be very short (fast) excerpt, for modern digital SLR cameras the shutter speed limit is usually 1/4000s, in advanced cameras it is 1/8000s, in specialized cameras the shutter speed can be 1/40,000. For example, mine has a minimum shutter speed of 1/4000s, and - 1/8000s, and the old and new ones - 1/16,000s. A fast shutter speed is important when shooting very fast moving objects or when shooting in bright light. The difference in shutter speed by two times is called a stop (step). For example, the difference in shutter speeds of 1/20s and 1/80s is 2 steps (2 stops), or 4 times. You can read how to achieve a super fast shutter speed on a camera.

It also happens long exposure. Typically, the limit on shutter speed on modern cameras is 30 or 60 seconds. For example, cameras are only able to obtain shutter speeds up to 30 seconds. If you need a longer shutter speed, then there is hand excerpt, it is usually denoted as BULB (B). In this mode, the first press of the shutter button opens the shutter, and the second press closes the shutter. This way you can achieve very long shutter speeds. Typically, long exposures are made using a remote control or camera cable from a tripod or stationary surface. The photo below was taken with a remote control and a shutter speed of 1/13 sec. Long shutter speeds can be used to create unusual visual effects, such as when photographing moving cars at night, or using .

Long exposure of one thirteenth of a second. Photographing fog

Flash Sync

There is one serious problem for short shutter speeds. When using a camera with a flash, due to the nature of the shutter, the camera cannot synchronize the flash and a short shutter speed. Synchronize means simultaneously firing the flash and opening the shutter. Therefore, you can check that usually a camera with a built-in flash takes photographs only at shutter speeds up to 1/200 s. This kind of exposure is called X-sync speed. Some amateur cameras can synchronize with flash up to 1/500 sec - for example, .

Attention: not a single built-in flash on any camera can work with very short exposures. Another important note is that when shooting with flash in really bad lighting conditions, some cameras automatically flash, as in the example below.

To be able to use a camera with a fast shutter speed and flash, you need to use . In order for everything to work, you need to The camera and flash supported fast sync mode. In fast sync mode, you can shoot with flash at any shutter speed - from 30 seconds to 1/8000 s. Why you need a flash with short shutter speeds, you can read in my article “. The value of shutter speed, aperture and ISO are interconnected; if you change one of them, one or two others will also change.

In comments Can I ask you a question on the topic and to you they will definitely answer, and you can also express your opinion or describe your experience. To select photographic equipment, I recommend large catalogs of various photographic equipment, such as E-katalog, or big internet shops such as Rozetka. A lot of little things for photos can be found on Aliexpress.

conclusions

Endurance is time. In different situations, the camera takes different times to take a photo. Shutter speed usually changes in fractions of a second. Shutter speed and aperture are the main parameters in photography. I highly recommend doing your own experiments and tests.

Shutter speed is a camera setting that affects the exposure and sharpness of a photo. How? Let's take a closer look at this issue. Excerpt- this is the time interval during which the shutter in the camera is open and light hits the matrix, capturing the frame.

Shutter speed is measured in seconds, but most often it is a fraction of a second. In manual camera mode, you can see a parameter in the settings, which is designated as 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250, 1/125, etc. For example, if we take a shutter speed of 1/1000, then we can say that the light hits the sensor in a time that is 1000 times shorter than 1 second. The exposure can last several seconds.

Most often, the shutter speed range varies from 1/4000 - 30 sec. There are also both shorter and longer shutter speeds.

How to use endurance in practice:

• When photographing, you will most often have to use a shutter speed no longer than 1/60 of a second. At longer shutter speeds, there will be some movement in the pictures when taken handheld. Even if you mount your camera on a tripod, there may still be blurry objects in the frame that move during exposure.
• You can still shoot at shutter speeds longer than 1/60 of a second. To do this, you need to find a support point for yourself or for the camera. You can lean on a wall, table, handrail or tree. An additional support point will allow you to fix the camera more firmly and thereby eliminate hand shake.

Shutter speed can be not only a tool that allows you to control exposure, but also a great creative tool. Long exposures allow you to capture movement in the frame. This can be used for wiring shots or photographing flowing water or light streaks from car headlights at night. Freezelight is also shot using long exposures.

Enough good example Long exposure photography is about photographing flowing water. A short shutter speed allows you to see every droplet in the photo, and a long shutter speed blurs the entire stream, making it soft and demonstrating the direction of water movement.

When shooting at night with long exposures, be sure to use a tripod. Without it, you won't get a clear shot.

A short shutter speed allows you to freeze one minute moment in the photo. The pictures of falling objects, splashes and flying fragments are very beautiful.

To determine at what shutter speed you need to photograph, so as not to get movement in the picture, you need to remember one simple rule. The denominator in the shutter speed designation must be no less than the focal length of the lens. It turns out that if the focal length is 50mm, then the shutter speed should be 1/60. If the focal length is 200mm, then the shutter speed should be set no longer than 1/250 of a second.

Hello friends! Andrey Sheremetyev is with you, and in this article we will talk about camera shutter speed. You will learn how to set it up, how to use it, and how to significantly reduce the number of defective frames.

• What is shutter speed
• How is shutter speed measured and how is it designated?
• Short and long exposures, why photographs are “blurry”
• “Shevelenka” Dependence of shutter speed on focal length lens
• How to adjust shutter speed

So, pick up a camera, and while studying the article, practice. Let's begin.

Shutter speed is one of the main parameters that influences how a photograph turns out. Together with “ ”, it determines whether the photo will be light or dark, whether the object in the photo will be sharp or blurry. But first things first.

What is endurance?

Shutter speed is the time for which the camera shutter opens to let a beam of light pass through the lens onto the photosensitive element - the matrix. SLR and some mirrorless cameras have a mechanical shutter, which is a sliding curtain that opens for a given exposure time. In simpler digital compacts, this mechanism is not present. Shutter speed in digital compacts or point-and-shoot cameras is the time the camera matrix is ​​turned on in order to capture the image from the lens.

Shutter and aperture of a SLR camera.
SLR camera design

What is it measured in and how is it designated? excerpt?

Since shutter speed is time, it is measured in seconds and fractions of a second, for example, if the shutter speed is less than a second, then it is designated as follows: 1/60, 1/100, 1/250, 1/1000. This is nothing more than a mathematical fraction, and it is very important to remember - the larger the denominator, the shorter the shutter speed, which means the shutter will let in less light. For example, a shutter speed of 1/250 second is shorter than 1/60 second. Shutter speeds longer than one second are designated as follows: 2”, 5”, 10” (2 sec, 5 sec, 10 sec, respectively). On SLR cameras we can find both a fractional image of the shutter speed (1/x) and a designation of only the denominator (x), this is the same value.

Fractional shutter speed designation (shutter speed 1/30 second)
Denominator only (shutter speed 1/4000 second)

To understand what shutter speed we have set, it is very important to pay attention to the 2 lines next to the number (“), I repeat, if they are there, it means the shutter speed is more than one second, if not, it means less and we have a shutter speed of the format 1/your number.

Another example: if you changed the shutter speed from 1/100 to 1/125, you decreased the shutter speed; if you changed from 1/250 to 1/200, you increased the shutter speed.

We will talk about what shutter speeds and what to shoot next.

Photos too dark and too light, what are the reasons?

Now let's talk about why photographs turn out too dark or too light. This is the topic of a separate article, because... Most beginners in the first stages of mastering a camera encounter problems with underexposure or overexposure (underexposed or overexposed photographs). In short, the lighting in photography is affected by 3 parameters - shutter speed, aperture, and matrix sensitivity (ISO, ISO). Now we will talk about shutter speed, i.e. how, when it changes, the illumination changes if the other 2 parameters (aperture and ISO) do not change.

Everything is simple here: If the photo is too dark, it means that not enough light is reaching the matrix, and that means our shutter speed is set too fast.

If the photo is too light, then on the contrary, the shutter speed is set too long, and you need to reduce it.

How does this happen? Photos like this can happen when you shoot in automatic or program shooting modes, when the camera automation selects all the settings for you and makes mistakes, the automation is still not a person. This can also happen when the exposure (light) metering sensor does not correctly determine the overall illumination of the frame; this happens if, for example, there is a bright light source in the frame.

Short and long exposures, why are photographs “blurry”?

In addition to illumination, shutter speed also affects the image itself and the objects in it. These properties are often used as an artistic element. A very telling example is when fast-moving objects turn out blurry. Using shutter speed, you can also “freeze” fast-moving objects, for example, a drop of water in the air, a bird in flight.

Here are examples:

“Frozen” movement of the wings, shot at a fast shutter speed.

By the way, when I was writing this article, news came that I won a photo competition SAILING PHOTO AWARDS 2014, in the “Landscape of the Season” category! The photo was taken at a long shutter speed (about 2 seconds), due to which the moving background was blurred (since the yacht was moving at a certain speed), while stationary objects (the yacht itself) remained sharp.

SAILING PHOTO AWARDS 2014 - “Landscape of the Season”

So, let's remember:

Short shutter speeds are needed to “freeze” fast moving objects (race cars, birds, drops, children, etc.)

Long shutter speeds are needed to blur moving objects, such as water in a river or passing cars.

If you get blurry shots, then you need to reduce the shutter speed. Its value must be selected based on specific situation and lighting,

“Shvelenka” and the dependence of shutter speed on the focal length of the lens

Due to the fact that you and I are not robots, so-called “shake” often occurs - a slight blurring of the photo due to the shaking of the hand, the surface on which you are standing, or the wind. To avoid this, you need to select the shutter speed correctly.

There is a recommendation that for a camera with a full-frame matrix, the minimum allowable shutter speed for handheld shooting should be no less than the focal length at which you are shooting. For example, if you have a 70-300mm lens, then when shooting with maximum zoom (i.e. 300mm), the minimum shutter speed should be at least 1/300s, when shooting at 70mm - 1/70s.

On crop mantrits (these are all amateur cameras Kenon and Nikon) the formula is as follows:

your focal length (FL), multiplied by the crop factor (1.5 for Nikon, 1.6 for Kenon)

For Canon: FR x 1.6

But here it is important to say that everything is very individual, some may have their hands shaking in anticipation of a photo of a masterpiece, others, on the contrary, are like a rock, therefore, the above is of a recommendatory nature, it is just important that you know what the movement is, where it comes from it comes, and what to do with it. Take your camera, shoot different scenes at different settings, analyze the result, and you will understand everything.

How to adjust shutter speed?

Finally we come to the main thing, to practice. You can adjust the shutter speed only in the semi-automatic shutter priority mode (indicated as “S” on Nikon and “Tv” on Canon) and in the manual “M” mode. In other modes it is selected automatically. What kind of modes are these? Shooting mode “M” is a mode with completely manual settings, i.e. You set the shutter speed, aperture and ISO yourself. Shutter priority mode “S” or “Tv” is a mode where you set only shutter speed and ISO; the camera’s automatic aperture selects itself based on the characteristics of your lens. I will tell you more about shooting modes in a separate article.

Now I propose to consolidate the material learned and do the following exercise:

1. Set the shooting mode “M” on the camera (to do this, turn the mode wheel until the white line aligns with the mode we need)
2. Take a test shot
3. Use the wheel to change the shutter speed value (ISO and aperture remain unchanged) and take a shot, change and take a shot, and look at the result, experiment.

If you don’t have a camera at hand, or are too lazy to take it out, this will help!

The essence of this exercise is to understand how shutter speed works, to find out what movement and lubrication are. Later, when you get similar shots, you will already know what’s going on.

So, we dealt with one of the 3 the most important parameters in photography. In order to receive nice photos you need to clearly know what all 3 influence, and be able to use them; for this, be sure to read the following articles. Andrey Sheremetyev was with you, successful shots!

Shutter speed on a camera is one of the three main components technical construction frame. The main definition is as follows: this is the time during which light enters the matrix or film in the camera. The shutter speed is controlled by the shutter (or curtain) located in the camera. Below in the picture you can see exactly where it is located.

To paraphrase the definition a little, we can say that shutter speed is the time during which the camera shutter remains open, allowing the necessary.

Together with sensitivity, shutter speed is responsible for correctness. When making changes to any one element of this trinity, you must take into account that the other two must also be adjusted. To get a properly lit shot, you must always fine-tune these three elements. Naturally, errors in settings are possible, especially when you are just starting to master the art of photography, but the main thing is to clearly understand what affects the correct exposure.

Exposure on the camera. Main components.

1. Shutter speed is measured in seconds and is divided into short and long, and the higher the number, the shorter the shutter speed. Below is a scale used in modern cameras

2. The concept of manual exposure is displayed in cameras as “BULB” and means that the camera shutter will be open as long as the shutter button is pressed.

3. If you want to independently set the shutter speed for each frame, then you need to select the shooting mode in Shutter Priority; on the camera it is usually indicated by the letter S or manual mode shooting - letter M.

4. It is important to consider that shutter speeds of 1/60 and longer require the use of a tripod or other object on which the camera can be placed to avoid blurring of the frame. Or as they sometimes say: "to avoid movement". Although many cameras have built-in image stabilizers, to ensure best result It's better to use a tripod.

5. To freeze movement in the frame, you must use short shutter speeds of 1/250 s or shorter. It all depends on the specific subject being photographed. For example, to photograph water (a waterfall, falling drops), the shutter speed on the camera should be from 1/500 or shorter, it all depends on your vision, intention and what and how you want to show.

Shutter speed 1/800 s + F/ 3.5

Shutter speed 1/2000 s + F/3.2

Shutter speed 1/400 s + F/3.5

6. Long exposures are very often used in night photography. Where is the tripod also prerequisite for shooting. To get the effect of beautiful lines from moving objects in a photo, or beautiful stars from stationary street lights, the shutter speed should be set to 2” seconds or lower.

Shutter speed 30 s + F/7.1

Shutter speed 6 s + F/22

Shutter speed 8 s + F/7.1

Shutter speed 0.6 s + F/22

Camera shutter speed and focal length. How is this related?

Simply put, the longer the focal length of the lens, the faster the shutter speed should be used, otherwise there is a possibility of blurring the frame. Good recommendation in this case, the following: when shooting handheld, the value of the shutter speed denominator should be slightly greater than the focal length of the lens. For example, with a focal length of 50 mm, it is better to set the shutter speed to: 1/60; at 200 mm - by 1/250.

If you are confident in the strength and strength of your hands and are able to hold a camera with a lens without shaking, then perhaps the recommendation mentioned above will not be useful to you. In any case, if you shoot with short shutter speeds, it is better to always check the pictures you have taken on the camera screen. To once again make sure that your masterpiece really turned out clear, unless, of course, you are pursuing the goal of blurring the image for creative purposes.

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In order to take your photography skills to the next level, it is important to understand how to properly set your camera's shutter speed and its relationship to exposure exposure.

However, what's even more interesting and challenging is using shutter speed as an artistic tool to achieve stunning effects.

Whether you want to master shutter speed as a part or use it artistically, the Camera Shutter Speed ​​Cheat Sheet makes the process much easier!

Full stop, 1/2 stop, 1/3 stop

Relationships between exposure and exposure speed per 1 stop. However, with the advent of digital cameras, things have changed with no longer limiting how much we can change the shutter speed. Some cameras allow you to change the shutter speed by half or even a third of a stop. Use the shutter speed cheat sheet to help you evaluate and calculate exposure.

Safe shutter speed

Using the correct shutter speed is vital important for shooting moving objects. Take a look at the shutter speed cheat sheet to see how it directly affects the sharpness of your image.

Ease of use

The cheat sheet shows how faster shutter speed means less light reaches the camera sensor and faster shutter speed means more light reaches the sensor.

Using shutter speed settings for a frame

Birds in flight 1/2000

Nature photographers typically use a 1/2000 second shutter speed to ensure sharp bird shots. Ultimately, you can reduce the speed to 1/400 to give the bird a sharp body and blurry wings.

Shutter speed for sports photography

Shutter speed is critical for fast-moving sports like football and football, where shutter speeds between 1/500 and 1/1000 freeze the action, allowing for crisp, sharp images.

Street photography 1/250 - 1/500

Most cities are in constant motion, with pedestrians scurrying everywhere and vehicles. This is why shutter speed is critical to getting the correct exposure and helps you avoid soft or blurry photos.

1 / 250, F/8, ISO 100.

Landscapes 1/125 years from the date - ¼

Shutter speed varies depending on the type of landscapes and photography methods. When using a tripod, a slower shutter speed of 1/8 or ¼ second is preferable. However, to avoid blurring when shooting handheld, you'll need to use a faster shutter speed.

Landscape 1/125, F/8, ISO 100.

Car in motion 1/15 - 1/60

The artistic effect of blurring the background when photographing vehicles with wiring is created at a low shutter speed of 1/15 to 1/60. This allows the car to remain sharp while its surroundings are completely blurred.

Waterfalls 1/8 - 2 seconds

Photographing fast-moving water with a slower shutter speed creates a visual effect of motion blur that does not exist in reality.

Water blur 1/2 - 5 seconds

For slow-moving water like the ocean, lakes, and rivers, it is necessary to use a longer shutter speed than half a second to create wonderful water landscapes.

Fireworks 2-8 seconds

Capturing fireworks can be exceptionally difficult. A slower shutter speed produces a speck of light streaking across a dark sky, while a slow shutter speed creates a blurry, overexposed shot.

Stars 15-25 seconds

Just like fireworks, photographing the starry sky requires longer shutter speeds. More fast speed shutter speed will produce tiny and faint stars, but longer shutter speeds (over 30 seconds) produce a blurry effect. For the brightest, brightest stars, try a shutter speed of 15 to 25 seconds.

By taking advantage of the movement of the earth around its axis and making the shutter speed longer, you can capture a star trail. This is often done with 15 minutes or longer exposure times. However, you can create the same effect in digital form by taking a series of photos (100+) with an exposure of 30 seconds each frame. You can later merge the images together using software to edit to create a gorgeous star trail effect.