Types and frequency of vehicle maintenance. Scheduled vehicle maintenance. What is included, how to control? The concept of equipment maintenance

Vehicle maintenance (TO)- this is a set of measures aimed at monitoring the technical condition of the car, preventing the occurrence of malfunctions or their timely elimination.

Periodic maintenance is a guarantee of reliable operation of your car. The recommended period of maintenance and the list of necessary works is set by the car manufacturer and ranges from 10,000 km to 15,000 km, but at least once a year, while taking into account the operating conditions of the car, if you have to drive on dusty roads, then the periods of passage maintenance is recommended to be reduced.

List of works included in maintenance

Our car service during maintenance is guided by the requirements of car manufacturers and carries out the following work:

• control;
• diagnostic;
• adjusting;
• lubricants;
• filling stations;
• electrotechnical;
• fixing.

Based on the frequency of execution, volume and complexity of work, 3 types of maintenance are distinguished:

• TO-1 is carried out after 10,000 km of run. The purpose of the first maintenance is to prevent minor malfunctions, which later can bring big problems and require serious expensive repairs. It includes changing the engine oil, oil filter and adjusting various components.
• TO-2 after 30,000 km of run. The second service is distinguished by a large number and complexity of work compared to TO-1, which in this case are carried out with the removal of individual parts of the car. Car diagnostics and maintenance are carried out using specialized equipment.
• TO-3 is the most complex and expensive service. It includes the replacement of engine oil, oil filter, fuel filter, air filter, if provided by the design of the car, then the cabin filter, spark plugs, timing belt complete with rollers, drive belts with rollers, brake fluid, the car is also inspected on a lift and computer diagnostics, wheel alignment adjustments are checked. Maintenance of TO-3 is recommended to be performed every 60,000 km of the car's run.

Depending on the condition of the car, its total mileage, as well as on previously completed work, some work may be postponed until a later time, while remembering that wear and tear of the timing belt will entail a complex, expensive repair of the cylinder head engine, and possibly lead to the need to replace the piston group of the engine and overhaul the engine.

• Seasonal maintenance. Such maintenance is carried out twice a year, in spring and autumn, in order to prepare the car for the summer or winter season of operation, this includes, for example, replacing winter tires with summer tires, anti-corrosion treatment of the body, and so on.

Maintenance schedule

The vehicle maintenance schedule is set at the manufacturing plant and contains a list of recommendations from engineers. All the necessary data on the passage of MOT are indicated in the service book, which is included in the set of mandatory documents for any car.

The frequency of maintenance can be determined by the time interval, mileage, or both.

STO "Abasheva 100" offers comprehensive car maintenance. Our highly qualified specialists will diagnose, identify possible problems and give recommendations for their elimination. Our car service station in Bryansk is equipped with the most modern equipment that allows you to get accurate data on the operation of car systems. In addition, we carry out maintenance at competitive prices, which you can find in the "Prices" section.

If you want to sign up for maintenance or get answers to your questions, call us at the numbers listed on the site. Our experts are always ready to help you.

Maintenance — this is the list of works performed in the intervals between scheduled and unscheduled repairs of equipment, which allows to ensure the necessary level of reliability of the equipment.

Proper maintenance and operation of industrial equipment can significantly reduce the cost of repairing equipment and reduce downtime.

For mechanics, the question often arises:. I will try to answer these questions further.

To begin with, two state standards are considered the main documents regulating the use of the maintenance system: GOST 28.001-83 “Maintenance and repair system for equipment. Basic Provisions” and GOST 18322-78 “Maintenance and repair system for equipment. Terms and Definitions". According to these documents, maintenance is divided into types and methods.

A painful question for the chief mechanics is also that. On the one hand, it involves the supervision and maintenance of equipment, often without stopping it. On the other hand, it is included in the MRO or PPR system as a scheduled maintenance work, as an intermediate set of measures between scheduled repairs.

A good solution is to divide the concept of maintenance into current and planned.

Ongoing maintenance

Ongoing maintenance(hourly, every shift inspection and control, lubrication and other similar work) should be carried out by the production personnel of the workshop or site. Firstly, it is rational from the point of view of personnel (does not require an increase in the staff of the repair service). Secondly, this approach is useful for purely methodological purposes - it allows operators working on equipment to become more familiar with the device and the principle of operation.

Current or unscheduled maintenance includes:

• strict compliance with the requirements for the operation of the equipment specified in the technical operational documentation of the manufacturer;
• tracking the operating mode of the equipment with the prevention of overloads;
• temperature control;
• control of the frequency of lubrication at all points;
• instant disconnection and de-energization of equipment that has failed;
• visual control of deterioration of units and mechanisms;

Scheduled maintenance

Scheduled maintenance and repairs(if necessary) is carried out by the repair service personnel. Planned work traditionally includes work that requires the disassembly of any piece of equipment. Of course, such work should be performed by a trained rem. staff.

Planned or scheduled maintenance performed by maintenance personnel include:

• diagnostics and control of equipment performance;
• adjustment and adjustment;
• cleaning of working bodies and other places prone to clogging;
• topping up and changing oil, changing filters;
• identification of violations in the operation of equipment;

All results of changes in the condition of the serviced equipment (both during routine and scheduled maintenance) should be recorded. For this, various methods are used: they start operating or repair logs, enter them into a computer, use inspection cards.

Has proven itself very well. They allow not only to communicate the list and frequency of maintenance work to the maintenance personnel in an accessible form, but also to control the execution of these works.

Model maintenance manuals does not exist. The bulk of such documents has a local status and is developed within the framework of any management system. In addition, each type of equipment requires its own list of repairs. In order to get rid of excessive paperwork, the equipment available at the enterprise is sorted into groups and maintenance methodologies are developed for them.

It is convenient to separate the equipment in two stages.

The first is according to:

• technological equipment;
• electrotechnical;
• lifting and transport and so on.

Most often, mechanics are interested in the "technological equipment" group, as the most numerous and requiring constant attention.

It, in turn, is usually divided into:

• metal-cutting equipment;
• woodworking equipment;
• foundry equipment;
• forging and pressing equipment and so on.

Within these subgroups, it is much more convenient to single out objects for description and
carrying out repairs on them.

Below you can see the scope of work that is usually included in
maintenance for various groups of equipment:

• The list of works during the maintenance of woodworking
  machine tools;
• List of works during maintenance of forging and pressing equipment;
• List of works during the maintenance of foundry equipment.

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Measures and methods

The main goal achieved by the maintenance and repair complex is the elimination of equipment failures; to achieve it, the following measures can be implemented within the complex:

• inspection in a certain volume with a certain frequency;
• scheduled replacement of parts according to condition, operating time;
• scheduled replacement of cutting fluids, lubrication according to condition, operating time;
• scheduled repairs according to condition, operating time.

Methods for planning maintenance and repair measures are classified as follows:

• by event- for example, elimination of equipment breakdown, used if the cost of repairs is relatively low, and the defective product resulting from equipment breakdown is low and will not affect the fulfillment of obligations to customers;
• scheduled maintenance- for equipment with the provided maintenance modes and procedures, which initially involves the regular application of appropriate measures to maintain operability, this type of maintenance gives the highest percentage of equipment readiness, but it is also the most expensive, since the actual state of the equipment may not require repair;
• as of- an assessment of the condition of the equipment is carried out by expert means or with the help of meters installed on the equipment, and based on this assessment, a forecast is made when this equipment should be taken out for repair. The advantages of this type of service are that its cost is lower, and the readiness of equipment to carry out production programs is quite high.

According to the methods of repair, the application of measures is divided into Maintenance- elimination of failures and malfunctions by replacing worn parts (except for basic ones) and overhaul- restoration of the working capacity of parts and assemblies (by surfacing, spraying), while it is allowed to replace any part, including the base ones.

Organization of the complex

The organization of a maintenance and repair complex at manufacturing enterprises is usually implemented by creating a single specialized unit, the head of which (called in Russian, as a rule, chief mechanical engineer) is responsible to the management of the enterprise for the technically sound and operable condition of all equipment. Repair shops are subordinated to such subdivisions, and at small enterprises - the energy sector.

For information support of management tasks in the field of organization and improvement of the maintenance and repair complex and for automation of operations performed by personnel, enterprises use the appropriate modules of ERP systems or specialized software products (EAM systems, CMMS systems).

see also

Literature

• GOST 18322-78 “Maintenance and repair system for equipment. Terms and Definitions"
• Yashura A.I. System of maintenance and repair of general industrial equipment. - Moscow: Enas, 2008. - 360 p. - ISBN 978-5-93196-919-0

Links

• Job description of the chief mechanic - head of the OGM
• Rules for the technical operation of handling equipment of commercial seaports RD 31.1.02-04

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See what "Maintenance and repair" is in other dictionaries:

maintenance and repair- The set of all technical and organizational actions of the owner (operating organization) aimed at maintaining or returning the object to a state in which it is able to perform the required function. [SO 34.21.307 2005] Topics… …

During technical operation up to a pre-failure state, maintenance (TO) is carried out with control of parameters and repair after replacement of products according to technical condition, during technical operation up to a safe failure, TO with control ... ... Encyclopedia of technology

Maintenance and repair of metering devices- a set of works performed in accordance with contracts concluded between consumers and specialized organizations to maintain metering devices in working order and in good condition, suitable for their intended use in ... ... Official terminology

maintenance and repair without interruption- — [Ya.N. Luginsky, M.S. Fezi Zhilinskaya, Yu.S. Kabirov. English Russian Dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Power Industry, Moscow, 1999] Electrical engineering topics, basic concepts EN noninterruptive maintenance ... Technical Translator's Handbook

maintenance and repair during operation- — [Ya.N. Luginsky, M.S. Fezi Zhilinskaya, Yu.S. Kabirov. English Russian Dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Power Industry, Moscow, 1999] Topics in electrical engineering, basic concepts EN operating maintenanceoperational maintenance ... Technical Translator's Handbook

off-site maintenance and repair- - Telecommunication topics, basic concepts EN off site maintenance ... Technical Translator's Handbook

on-site maintenance and repair- - Telecommunication topics, basic concepts EN on site maintenancein situ maintenancefield maintenance ... Technical Translator's Handbook

maintenance and repair by the user Technical Translator's Handbook

maintenance and repair with the help of regular means- - [A.S. Goldberg. English Russian Energy Dictionary. 2006] Topics energy in general EN organizational maintenance ... Technical Translator's Handbook

maintenance and repair by yourself- (e.g. energy companies) [A.S. Goldberg. English Russian Energy Dictionary. 2006] Topics energy in general EN in house maintenance … Technical Translator's Handbook

Books

• Maintenance and repair of automobiles, V. M. Vlasov, S. V. Zhankaziev, S. M. Kruglov. The textbook is designed to study the subject of Vehicle maintenance and is part of a teaching kit for the specialty Maintenance and repair…

It is carried out between and provides for daily cleaning, lubrication of equipment and compliance with the rules for its operation, timely adjustment of mechanisms and elimination of minor malfunctions.

At many machine-building plants, maintenance was practically unregulated and unscheduled, which led to progressive equipment wear and frequent accidents.

The practice of many plants shows that 70% of all emergency repairs are the result of non-compliance with the rules for operating and maintaining equipment.

At present, a "Standard system for the maintenance and repair of metal and woodworking equipment" is being introduced, which gives maintenance a regulated and preventive character.

All maintenance work is clearly regulated in terms of content, frequency of execution and distribution by performers. Depending on these factors, the following maintenance work packages are provided: E, TO-1, TO-2, TO-3, TO-4, TO-5.

IN complex E includes all work performed by production workers on a daily basis. In essence, this is a manual for the operation and maintenance of equipment.

Complex TO-1 is carried out once a week and contains work on checking safety devices and mechanisms, failures of which can lead to accidents.

Complex TO-2 carried out once a month and includes inspection of controls, fasteners, etc.

Complex TO-3 performed once every three months, TO-4 and TO-5, respectively, after 6 and 12 months. Moreover, each complex provides for more complex and labor-intensive work and at the same time includes the work of previous complexes. The work of TO-1, TO-2, TO-3, TO-4 and TO-5 is carried out by repairmen of integrated teams.

For maintenance, you can also create a cycle structure, which includes: every shift inspection, 4 relubrication, 1 relubrication, 1 partial inspection, 2 preventive adjustments.

A list of maintenance work should be compiled for each machine by the manufacturer, and their performance should be recorded in the regulated maintenance chart.

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10.08.2018, 12:24 180187 0 Assembly of Motorists

All drivers are well aware that car maintenance is part of its operation. However, there is still a category of car owners who believe that no one needs a scheduled inspection of a car with the replacement of spare parts recommended by the manufacturer and that this is just money thrown away.

Is it really? What is scheduled maintenance? How does it happen? What does it include and how often should it be done for different car brands? Is it necessary to do this at all? Experts answer questions, express their opinion and give advice.

So. Why do a scheduled inspection?

First of all, you need to understand that car maintenance itself is a preventive measure that is aimed at preventing possible problems in the early stages. Those who believe that if it is more economical to wait for a part to fail and then replace it than to undergo scheduled maintenance, they are deeply mistaken. Any auto service will confirm that car repairs are much more expensive. And even if there is a new car of a world brand, the laws of physics work for its units in the same way as for cars with high mileage, so even a small error in operation or a malfunction detected during diagnostics allows you to avoid serious breakdowns or even accidents.

Moreover, unlike cars of past generations, a modern car is a complex of the most complex units controlled by electronics, so computer diagnostics and other measures are indispensable.

Types of scheduled maintenance and what does it include?

The frequency of replacement of various materials and parts of a particular brand of car is indicated in the manual for it. Knowing these recommendations of the manufacturer and taking into account the mileage of a particular car, they determine the frequency of scheduled maintenance of the car. At the same time, the following types of maintenance are carried out for all machines.

EO– daily inspection, which includes activities required before each departure.

At the same time, the driver himself checks the general condition of the car, the position and possible adjustment of mirrors, the operation of sensors, headlights, other electrical equipment, checking the steering system, brakes, body condition - in a word, inspecting the car and those activities that can be performed independently.

- maintenance, which should be carried out depending on the requirements of the car manufacturer every 10, 15 or 20 thousand km.

Typically, TO 1 includes the following types of work:

– replacement of the air filter;

- Change of oil;

- check battery charge;

– Inspection of spark plugs;

– lubrication of hinges;

– checking tires with balancing, and pumping if necessary;

– checking the level of technical fluids with topping up if necessary;

- diagnostics of running and braking systems, electrical equipment and other auto systems with the elimination of identified errors and malfunctions.

TO 2- maintenance carried out every 30 thousand kilometers. Its goals and objectives are the same as in TO 1, but with a larger amount of work and their higher complexity.

For example, when carrying out maintenance 2, the fuel filter, cabin filter are changed, the brake fluid and coolant are changed. During maintenance 2, the timing belt can be replaced and other work can be done.

SO- Seasonal maintenance. Obviously, this type of maintenance is carried out 2 times a year and includes measures to prepare the car for changing weather conditions, such as changing the oil for seasonal, rubber, checking the interior heater, air conditioning, etc.

Below are examples of scheduled maintenance regulations for some car brands. Each regulation is a document indicating the list of events and the frequency of their implementation.

Scheduled maintenance KIA Sportage III

There are similar regulations for scheduled maintenance of Nissan, Mercedes, Mazda. In a word, there are work grids for periodic maintenance of absolutely all brands of manufactured machines.

How much does maintenance cost and can you save on it?

Obviously, a technically trained car owner can carry out some types of work on their own. At the same time, a maintenance schedule should still be drawn up, and if necessary, for example, computer diagnostics of systems or other complex events, you should contact a car service.

All this is true for cars with high mileage. But if it is necessary to maintain the guarantee of a saloon car, one cannot do without contacting authorized auto centers and undergoing maintenance there with the appropriate marks in the service books. You can save only if the service allows the passage of maintenance with its consumables.

In addition, you need to understand that the prices for maintenance in authorized car services, even within the same official dealer, can vary greatly. This also applies to the materials they use. Practice shows that if you are not too lazy, call different services and compare prices, you can save up to 20% on work and up to 50% on materials.

The conclusion is simple. Scheduled maintenance is necessary, you can try to save money on them, but you absolutely cannot risk your car and ignore them!