What you need to open a farm in Belarus. Start a farming business in Belarus. Fertilizers, fuel, electricity - in foreign currency

You need to choose a niche. Let's talk about meat farming. Firstly, the cost of meat in stores is very high, and secondly, the percentage of vegetarians in our country is small. All this guarantees profitability and stable demand for products. Of course, this type of farming requires a lot of investment, especially when it comes to raising cattle.

But the net profit of an average farm starts from 100 thousand rubles a month. With a competent approach, the payback period will not exceed six years. It will be cheaper to start a business in pig breeding, and the event will pay off in 2-5 years. At the same time, the demand for this product in our country is higher due to a more democratic cost than for beef. Another option is poultry farming. Eggs and chicken are the products that are always in the refrigerator of any of our compatriots. In addition, breeding birds does not require too much investment and space.

Payback can be approximately 2-4 years. Crop production is somewhat of a seasonal business. However, this does not apply, for example, to cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs, strawberries. They can be grown all year round in greenhouses. Such a business will be especially profitable in winter, when the price of fresh vegetables increases significantly. Payback business 12-18 months. Farming: where to start, or Developing a business plan Once a niche has been identified, it is necessary to create a business plan. This moment is very important, because on its basis it is possible to calculate the costs of creating a farm, the payback period and profitability. To assess the prospects of the project, the following points must be indicated in the business plan: funds (whether it will be own or borrowed, what start-up capital is needed); land (you can get it for free, buy or rent); the cost of purchasing animals or crops; the cost of building structures (this is a barn for livestock or greenhouses for growing vegetables); equipment costs (eg manure removal system, milk pipeline, heating systems); personnel costs (even a relatively small farm will need it); utility costs, taxes; marketing costs; sales markets for products; net profit. All these points will help to calculate the profitability of the future business.

In general, a young entrepreneur needs to draw up a business plan according to the following scheme: summary (a brief description of future activities, farming and goals that the farmer is striving for); a detailed description of the economy (site area, availability of infrastructure, communications, facilities, equipment, etc., whether these resources are leased or owned); a summary of financial and production indicators (salaries of employees and their number, the planned number of manufactured and sold products, profit); financial section (sources of financing of the economy, expenses, plans for the development of the economy and their financial support, payback, profit calculation); risk analysis (forecasting risks and describing measures to eliminate them). Why does a business plan need to be drawn up according to a certain scheme and approach the event responsibly? Because it is a kind of visiting card of the future farmer: it is necessary to receive subsidies from the state, when looking for investors and other sources of financing. If the profitability of the business exceeds the possible risks, and this is clearly visible from the business plan, then the future farmer will be able to count on material support. Choosing the form of ownership: LLC or IP? The choice of the form of ownership is also an equally important stage. If a businessman decides to open a small farm, then registering as an individual entrepreneur will be quite enough. The undoubted advantages of this form of ownership are: simplified taxation system; there is no obligation to keep accounting; cash accounting is carried out according to a simplified system; it is not necessary to register a branch (if one is planned); no need to report on the origin of the equipment; no need to record decisions. At the initial stage, IP is certainly convenient. While there are not a large number of customers, while the business is only gaining momentum, you can take advantage of the privileges that an entrepreneur who is registered as an individual entrepreneur receives. However, this form also has disadvantages. The most significant of them is the difficulty in attracting investments and obtaining loans. If additional funds are needed to start a business, then such a shortcoming can play a key role. If you plan to open a large farm or the business has begun to gain momentum, you should consider registering an LLC. This form of ownership is taken more seriously in the market. There are no barriers to obtaining investment funds. But you will have to conduct a more extensive document flow and pay taxes according to the general taxation system. At the same time, if reporting can be done by a hired employee, then you can generally make a profit from taxes. For example, receive VAT deductions. In addition, being a payer of such a tax, the farm will be able to attract large partners who are also interested in receiving deductions.

There are 35 registered peasant (farmer) households in Glubotchyna, almost a third of which have existed for more than 10 years. Someone grows berries, vegetables, seeds and seedlings, someone is engaged in breeding cattle, goats, sheep.

At the moment, the documents are drawn up by another owner. The names of many farmers are known in the region, as they not only develop their business, but also take an active part in the life of the region, popularize hard work on the land.

“It’s not an easy thing to be a farmer,” notes head of the peasant (farm) economy Sergey Kovalyonok. - The main thing is to be patient, to have the desire to achieve your goal. It is especially difficult at the beginning of the journey. It will not work “for show”; sometimes you have to work in the field from dawn to dusk. Every day and the ruble spent on the account.

The farm of the farmer Kovalyonok appeared on the map of the Glubokoe district in April 2010.

In 2014, the peasant (farm) economy of Sergei Kovalyonok was named the best in the region. For high achievements in meeting the forecast indicators of socio-economic development in 2015, it was entered on the Board of Honor of the Glubokoe District.

She is a biology teacher, he is a physical education teacher

Spouses Sergey and Victoria have a pedagogical education, they graduated from VSU named after P. Masherov. For some time they worked at the school, but one day they decided to radically change their lives.

“An example for us is the parents who, in addition to the garden plot, have been cultivating 2 hectares of land for many years, growing vegetables,” Victoria joins the conversation. – Of course, we helped them, including selling surplus products on the market. Why not try it yourself? Additional material support for young teachers, and by profession I am a teacher of biology, and my husband is a physical education teacher, was not out of place at that moment.

To begin with, they took 2 hectares of land. After work, on weekends they worked in the field, the grown products were taken to the market. Soon they decided to create a farm.

– Being engaged in vegetable growing, we saved up money for the first tractor, – Victoria continues. - True, they bought it unassembled, and my husband assembled it himself. On a plot of 25 hectares, carrots, cabbage, potatoes, beets were grown, and they were supplied to wholesalers.

The building of the former grain warehouse of one of the agricultural enterprises was taken under the investment project

For the implementation of the investment project in 2012, Sergey Kovalyonok took the unused building of the former grain warehouse of one of the agricultural enterprises of the region. The building, next to which there is one of the plots of the farm, began to collapse, the roof was leaking.

The new owner made a large-scale reconstruction of the old building in three years, equipped compartments for storing vegetables, and installed heating. Three jobs were created for machine operators and a driver.

Thanks to Decree No. 6, spouses purchased agricultural machinery without customs clearance

Thanks to Decree No. 6 of the President of Belarus, the spouses purchased agricultural machinery and vehicles for transporting products without customs clearance.

– In 2014, we planted the first plantation of garden strawberries of five high-yielding varieties, – notes Victoria. - At first they were sold at the local market. Soon we bought a car equipped with a refrigeration unit. In the season of harvesting berries, in order not to waste time, we additionally install a mobile refrigeration unit on the field. It's easier and more reliable that way. In addition to Belarus, we sell useful products in the Russian Federation. If there is a demand, then we also export vegetables. We work with wholesale buyers on request.

At the moment, the area of ​​farm land has exceeded 150 hectares. The plots are located in different parts of the region. 6 people help Sergey to cope with the work in the field. Actively, especially in the summer, 15-year-old son Vadim works with his parents.

“We try to minimize manual labor”

– We also attract seasonal workers, – says Victoria. - True, we try to minimize manual labor. We rely on the use of modern agricultural machinery. For example, there is a carrot harvester. In a mechanized way, we harvest beets and potatoes. This improves efficiency.

The local raipo suggested an interesting idea…

“At one time, we actively cooperated with the raipo, which prompted one interesting idea,” Sergey Kovalyonok notes. – It is impossible to grow and assemble the perfect product. For example, a head of cabbage can be damaged during harvesting or, if it ripens earlier, it can crack in the field. It is such products that we chopped and fermented. We carried out all the necessary checks before offering the novelty to customers. Demand in the area was good. The case is small - it is necessary to prepare documents, equip a mini-workshop for the mass production of sauerkraut and pickles.

Carrots on a farm are harvested by a combine, and this also does not exclude possible damage to vegetables. Therefore, the enterprising spouses plan to establish the production of carrots in Korean.

According to the head of the farm, the farmers of the Glubokoe region do not see each other as competitors, on the contrary, they often meet, share their experience and useful advice.

The republican, regional associations of farmers, the district executive committee help to solve many issues, get acquainted with useful information, including those related to the purchase of equipment.

Also with great interest Sergey and Victoria attend seminars organized by vegetable seed suppliers.

The farmer has four unpredictable "helpers"

A few years ago, the Belarusian Agricultural Academy organized trips to Holland, Poland, and Germany for heads of farms. The heads of peasant (farm) enterprises, among whom was Sergey Kovalyonok, were also able to get acquainted with the best practices in the field of crop production.

- The farmer has four unpredictable "helpers": winter, spring, summer and autumn, - Sergei notes with a smile. - It can be very difficult to protect the harvest from the vagaries of the weather. We choose the most resistant varieties for planting, but this does not guarantee that everything will go according to plan. The early frosts in early autumn, as well as the fine contours of the fields, cause trouble. So you have to maneuver, make every effort and ingenuity to achieve the desired result.

Photo by Diana BERNIKOVICH.

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ABOUT PEASANT (FARM) ECONOMY

(as amended by the Laws of the Republic of Belarus of 18.02.1991 N 611-XII, of 19.07.2005 N 44-З, of 09.07.2007 N 247-З, of 15.07.2008 N 397-З, of 06.07.2009 N 37- Z, dated 09.11.2009 N 55-З, dated 12/31/2009 N 114-З, dated 01.07.2010 N 154-З, dated 09.01.2017 No. 19-З)

This Law defines the legal status, conditions for the creation, operation, reorganization and liquidation of a peasant (farm) economy, the rights and obligations of its members.

Chapter 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. The concept of a peasant (farm) economy

1. A peasant (farm) enterprise is a commercial organization created by one citizen (members of the same family) who has made (have made) property contributions to carry out entrepreneurial activities in the production of agricultural products, as well as in their processing, storage, transportation and sale, based on his (their) personal labor participation and use of the land plot provided for these purposes in accordance with the legislation on the protection and use of land (hereinafter referred to as the farm).

2. A farm shall own by right of ownership the property transferred as a contribution to the statutory fund of the farm by its founders (members), as well as the property produced and acquired by the farm in the course of its activities.

3. Members of a farm have rights of obligation in relation to this farm.

Article 2. Legislation of the Republic of Belarus on farming

1. Relations related to the creation and operation of a farm are regulated by this Law, acts of the President of the Republic of Belarus, civil legislation, legislation on the protection and use of land and other legislation.

2. If an international treaty of the Republic of Belarus establishes other rules than those contained in the legislation on farming, then the rules of the international treaty shall apply.

Article 3. State support and guarantees for the activities of farms

1. For farms whose revenue from the sale of their own produced or produced and processed products of crop production (except for flowers and ornamental plants), animal husbandry (except for fur farming), fish farming and beekeeping is at least 50 percent of the total revenue for the previous financial year , as well as newly created farms (within the first year from the date of their establishment) are provided with state support at the expense of the republican and local budgets in the manner and forms prescribed by law. These farms are provided with state support in the field of logistics, acquisition (including under a financial lease (leasing) agreement), repair and maintenance of agricultural machinery and equipment, land reclamation and soil liming, plant protection, seed production, veterinary and breeding business , scientific service and in other areas on a par with other producers of agricultural products.

2. Farm enterprises have equal rights with other producers of agricultural products to supply goods for state needs in accordance with the law.

3. The establishment of the boundaries of land plots provided for farming, the development of projects for on-farm land management of farms, the execution of documents certifying the rights to land plots are carried out by state organizations subordinate to the State Committee for Property of the Republic of Belarus, in the manner established by the legislation on protection and use lands, at the expense of funds allocated for these purposes from the republican budget.

4. The President of the Republic of Belarus may establish other conditions and forms of state support and guarantees for the activities of farms.

5. In the territory where there are no industrial infrastructure facilities, the district executive and administrative body provides the primary arrangement of the farm through the construction of roads, radio and power lines, water supply, gas supply, telephone communications and other facilities, as well as land reclamation at the expense of funds, allocated for these purposes from the republican and local budgets in accordance with the law.

Chapter 2

CREATING A FARM

Article 4. The right to establish a farm

1. Capable citizens of the Republic of Belarus, foreign citizens and stateless persons permanently residing in the territory of the Republic of Belarus have the right to establish a farm.

2. Members (employees) of these agricultural organizations have the preferential right to create farms on land plots confiscated from liquidated and reorganized agricultural organizations.

3. The decision to establish a farm is documented in the minutes of the meeting of the founders of the farm (except for the cases when the farm is founded by one citizen).

Article 5

1. The farm operates on the basis of the charter, which specifies:

• the name of the farm, which must contain the words "peasant (farm) farm" or "farm" or "peasant farm";
• information about the head and other members of the farm (last name, first name, patronymic, details of an identity document, place of residence);
• location of the farm;
• the goals of the farm;
• the size of the statutory fund of the farm, the amount of contributions to the statutory fund of its members, the composition, timing and procedure for making them;
• the size of the shares of members of the farm in its authorized capital;
• the procedure for the formation of farm property and the conditions for its disposal;
• the procedure for the labor participation of members of the farm in the activities of the farm;
• the procedure for distributing farm profits;
• rights and obligations of members of the farm;
• the procedure for the entry of new members into the membership of the farm, withdrawal and exclusion from the membership of the farm;
• the procedure for managing the activities of the farm, its liquidation.

The charter of the farm may also contain other provisions that do not contradict the law and are related to the specifics of the activities of the farm.

2. The charter of the farm is approved by the decision of the meeting of the founders of the farm, which is drawn up in the minutes of the meeting of the founders of the farm. The protocol of the meeting of the founders of the farm is signed by all the founders of the farm.

In the case of the creation of a farm by one citizen, the charter of the farm is approved by this citizen (head of the farm).

3. Amendments and (or) additions are made to the charter of a farm in the manner prescribed by civil law, in the event of a change in the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article, as well as in other cases provided for by legislative acts.

Article 6

1. When creating a farm, its statutory fund is formed in the manner prescribed by this Law, other legislation and the charter of the farm.

2. The statutory fund of the farm is formed from the value of the contributions of the founders (members) of the farm.

A contribution to the charter fund of a farm can be things belonging to the founders (members) of the farm on the right of ownership (including common ownership), including money and securities, other property, including property rights or other alienable rights that have value.

The assessment of the value of a non-monetary contribution to the statutory fund of a farm is subject to examination in the cases and in the manner prescribed by law.

Property cannot be contributed to the charter fund of a farm if the right to alienate this property is limited by legislation, an agreement or the owner.

3. Excluded.

4. Raised funds cannot be used to form and increase the size of the statutory fund of a farm.

5. The statutory fund of a farm is divided into shares, with the exception of cases when a farm is established by one citizen. The share of the founder (member) of the farm in the authorized capital is determined as a percentage or as a fraction. The size of the share of the founder of the farm at the time of formation of the statutory fund of the farm is equal to the ratio of the value of his contribution to the statutory fund to the size of the statutory fund of the farm.

The value of the share of the founder (member) of the farm in the property of the farm is equal to the part of the value of the net assets of the farm, proportional to the size of its share in the authorized capital of the farm.

6. In the event that property belonging to the founders (members) of the farm under the right of common ownership is contributed to the charter fund of the farm, the shares of the members of the farm are considered equal, unless otherwise provided by the charter of the farm.

7. Reducing the authorized capital of a farm is allowed after notification of all its creditors. The latter have the right in this case to demand early termination or fulfillment of the obligations of the farm and compensation for their losses.

8. An increase in the statutory fund of a farm is allowed after all its founders (members) make contributions to the statutory fund in full.

An increase in the statutory fund can be carried out at the expense of the property of the farm, additional contributions to the statutory fund of members of the farm and (or) through contributions to the statutory fund of citizens accepted as new members of the farm.

When the authorized capital of a farm is increased at the expense of the property of the farm, the size of the share of a member of the farm may be changed taking into account the contribution to the authorized fund and (or) the personal labor participation of the member of the farm in its activities by decision of the general meeting of members of the farm.

Article 7. State registration of a farm

1. A farm is considered established from the date of its state registration.

2. State registration of a farm is carried out in accordance with legislative acts.

For the purposes of state registration, the location of a farm may be a dwelling (apartment, residential building) owned by the head of the farm on the right of ownership (including on the right of shared or joint ownership) or being his permanent place of residence (with the exception of the dwelling of the state housing fund).

Chapter 3

FARM MEMBERSHIP

Article 8. Members of a farm

1. Members of a farm may be capable citizens who are members of the same family.

For the purposes of this Law, family members are spouses, their parents (adoptive parents), children (including adopted children), brothers and sisters, spouses and children of these persons, as well as other persons recognized as family members in accordance with the legislation on marriage and family.

2. Membership in the farm is reserved, unless otherwise provided by the charter of the farm, for members of the farm who cannot take personal labor participation in the activities of the farm in connection with:

• retirement due to age or disability - for life;
• transfer to work in an elective position, military service by conscription, alternative service, full-time training in educational institutions providing higher, secondary specialized and vocational education - for the duration of work in an elective position, military service by conscription , performing alternative service, full-time education in such educational institutions.

Article 9

A change in the composition of members of a farm can be carried out on the following grounds:

• acceptance of a new member of the farm, including as a result of the assignment of a share (part of it) of a member of the farm in the authorized capital of the farm;
• withdrawal of a member of the farm from the members of the farm;
• exclusion of a member of the farm from the membership of the farm;
• death of a member of the farm or declaration of death.

Article 10

A citizen who meets the requirements set out in paragraph 1 of Article 4 and paragraph 1 of Article 8 of this Law may be accepted as a member of a farm by decision of the general meeting of members of the farm or the head of the farm (in the case of the creation of a farm by one citizen), subject to payment contribution to the statutory fund of the farm, as well as as a result of the assignment of a share (part thereof) of a member of the farm in the statutory fund of the farm in the manner prescribed by the charter of the farm.

Article 11

1. A member of the farm has the right to withdraw from the membership of the farm at any time, regardless of the consent of other members of the farm, subject to their prior notification in the manner and within the time limits established by the charter of the farm, but no later than one month before leaving the membership of the farm .

2. A member of the farm may be expelled from the membership of the farm on the basis of a decision of the general meeting of members of the farm in case of failure to perform or improper performance of the duties provided for by this Law, other legislative acts or the charter of the farm, recognizing him as incapable, partially incapacitated or missing absent, as well as on other grounds established by the charter of the farm.

Article 12

1. When a farm member leaves or is expelled from the membership of the farm, he has the right to receive the value of his share in the property of the farm, as well as part of the profit determined in accordance with the provisions of Article 17 of this Law.

2. The value of the share in the property of the farm, due to a citizen who has withdrawn or been excluded from the membership of the farm, is determined according to the balance sheet drawn up at the time of his retirement, and the part of the profit due to him - on the day of settlement with him. The payment of the cost of the share and part of the profit to a citizen who has withdrawn or been excluded from the membership of the farm is made at the end of the financial year in which he withdrew or was excluded from the membership of the farm, within up to 12 months from the date of filing an application for withdrawal or a decision on exception, unless a different period is provided for by the charter of the farm.

Article 13

1. In the event of the death of a member of the farm or declaring him dead, his heir (heirs) may be accepted as a member of the farm by decision of the general meeting of members of the farm.

In the event of the death of a member of the farm, if his heirs by will are a legal entity of the Republic of Belarus or an administrative-territorial unit of the Republic of Belarus, they are paid the value of the inherited share in the manner prescribed by Article 12 of this Law.

In the event of the death of the head of a farm established by one citizen, his heir(s), who has expressed (s) a desire to run a farm, is recognized as a member (members) of this farm.

If the heir (heirs) refuse to join the members of the farm or if the general meeting of the members of the farm makes a decision to refuse to accept the heir (heirs) as members of the farm, settlements with him (them) are made in the manner prescribed by Article 12 of this Law.

2. If the court cancels the decision to declare a citizen dead, the decision on the membership of the heir (heirs) of such a person is taken by the general meeting of members of the farm.

Article 14. Rights and obligations of members of a farm

1. Members of the farm have the right to:

• participate in the management of the activities of the farm in the manner prescribed by this Law and the charter of the farm;
• receive information about the activities of the farm, including its income and expenses, get acquainted with its charter, accounting documents and other documents in the manner prescribed by the charter of the farm;
• participate in the distribution of profits received by the farm;
• receive part of the profit in the manner prescribed by this Law and the charter of the farm;
• receive remuneration for work in monetary units and (or) in kind, have daily and weekly rest, labor and social holidays in accordance with labor legislation;
• sell or otherwise cede his share (its part) in the charter fund of the farm in the manner prescribed by the charter of the farm;
• to acquire from members of the farm in priority order over other citizens (not members of the farm) shares (parts thereof) in the authorized capital of the farm;
• withdraw from the members of the farm, regardless of the consent of its other members in the manner prescribed by this Law and the charter of the farm, and receive the value of their share in the property of the farm, as well as the due part of the profit;
• receive, in the event of the liquidation of the farm, part of the property remaining after settlements with creditors, or its value in proportion to their share in the charter fund of the farm, as well as taking into account their personal labor participation, unless otherwise provided by the charter of the farm.

Members of the farm, in accordance with the legislation on labor protection, social protection and social insurance, have the right to labor protection, social insurance, pensions and guarantees in the event of occupational disease, work injury, disability and job loss.

Members of the farm may have other rights provided for by legislative acts and the charter of the farm.

2. Members of the farm are obliged:

• form the statutory fund of the farm in the manner and terms provided for by the legislation and the charter of the farm;
• take personal labor participation in the activities of the farm, except for the cases provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 8 of this Law or the charter of the farm;
• not to disclose information constituting a commercial secret of the farm;
• comply with the requirements of the charter of the farm and implement the decisions of its management bodies that comply with this Law, other acts of legislation and the charter of the farm.

Members of the farm also perform other duties stipulated by legislative acts and the charter of the farm.

Chapter 4

FARM PROPERTY

Article 15

1. A farm may own plantings, utility and other buildings, reclamation and other structures, productive and working livestock, poultry, agricultural and other machinery and equipment necessary for the production of agricultural products, as well as its processing, storage, transportation and sale, vehicles, inventory, property of private unitary enterprises created by a farm, other property acquired by a farm, as well as property rights belonging to a farm or other alienable rights that have value.

2. The fruits, products and incomes received as a result of the activity of a farm are the property of this farm.

Article 16

1. Sources of formation of property of a farm can be:

• contributions to the statutory fund of the farm;
• income received from the sale of manufactured and processed agricultural products, as well as from other types of economic activity not prohibited by law;
• other sources not prohibited by law.

2. Organizations and individual entrepreneurs have the right to lease unused buildings, structures, agricultural machinery and equipment to farms with their subsequent purchase and a delay in the start of payment of rent for up to three years.

Article 17

1. The profit of a farm is distributed according to the results of the financial year among its members by decision of the general meeting of members of the farm in proportion to the shares in the charter fund of the farm and (or) the personal labor participation of the members of the farm in its activities.

2. The charter of a farm may establish a different procedure for distributing the profits of a farm.

Article 18. Responsibility of the farm

1. A farm is liable for its obligations with all its property.

2. Members of the farm are not liable for the obligations of the farm, and the farm is not liable for the obligations of the members of the farm, except as otherwise provided by law.

Chapter 5

FARM MANAGEMENT

Article 19

1. The management of the activities of a farm, which consists of two or more members, is carried out by the general meeting of members of the farm and the head of the farm.

The general meeting of members of the farm is the supreme management body of the farm.

The head of the farm is the executive body of the farm.

2. In a farm established by one citizen, the head of the farm is the highest management body, which has the right to resolve all issues related to the activities of the farm.

Article 20

1. The exclusive competence of the general meeting of members of the farm includes:

• introduction of amendments and (or) additions to the charter of the farm;
• change in the size of the statutory fund of the farm;
• admission to the membership of the farm, exclusion of members of the farm from the membership of the farm, including the adoption of a decision on the membership of the heir (heirs) of a citizen declared dead, in the event that the court cancels the decision to declare this citizen dead;
• election to the position of the head of the farm and his dismissal from this position in the cases provided for in paragraph 7 of Article 21 of this Law;
• approval of annual reports and balance sheets of the farm, distribution of farm profits;
• making a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of the farm;
• other issues referred by legislative acts and the charter of the farm to the exclusive competence of the general meeting of members of the farm.

Issues related to the exclusive competence of the general meeting of members of the farm cannot be transferred by the general meeting of members of the farm to the decision of the head of the farm.

2. Each member of the farm has the right to be present at the general meeting of members of the farm, take part in the discussion of agenda items and vote in decision-making.

Each member of the farm at the general meeting of members of the farm has one vote, unless otherwise provided by the charter of the farm.

3. The general meeting of members of the farm is authorized to make decisions only if at least two-thirds of all members of the farm are present, unless otherwise provided by the charter of the farm.

The decision is taken by a simple majority of votes. In case of equality of votes of the members of the farm, the decision for which the head of the farm voted is considered adopted. The charter of a farm may provide for a different decision-making procedure.

Decisions of the general meeting of members of the farm are documented in minutes, which are signed by the members of the farm that were present at it.

Article 21

1. The head of the farm is one of the founders (members) of the farm, elected to this position by the meeting of founders of the farm or the general meeting of members of the farm and specified in the charter of the farm.

The head of the farm is accountable to the general meeting of members of the farm.

2. In the case of the creation of a farm by one citizen, the head of the farm is this citizen.

3. The head of a farm cannot be the head of another commercial organization at the same time.

4. The head of the farm must meet the requirements set out in paragraph 1 of Article 4 and paragraph 1 of Article 8 of this Law.

5. The head of the farm without a power of attorney acts on behalf of the farm, including representing its interests in relations with state bodies, citizens and legal entities, making transactions on behalf of the farm, issuing powers of attorney for the right to represent on behalf of the farm, managing the property of the farm farm, is an employer of persons working in a farm under an employment contract, exercises other powers that are not assigned by this Law or the charter of a farm to the exclusive competence of the general meeting of members of the farm.

6. In case of temporary disability or absence (no more than four months in a row) of the head of the farm, by decision of the general meeting of members of the farm, the head of the farm may authorize him to perform his duties on the basis of a power of attorney from one of the members of the farm.

7. In case of temporary disability or long-term absence (more than four months in a row), refusal to perform the duties of the head of the farm, withdrawal or exclusion from the membership of the farm, or death of the head of the farm, a new head of the farm is elected by the decision of the general meeting of members of the farm.

8. If farming is carried out by one citizen, then in the event of his temporary disability or absence (but not more than four months in a row), he can authorize him to perform his duties on the basis of an agency agreement or an agreement on trust management of the property of a capable citizen.

Chapter 6

FARM ACTIVITIES

Article 22

1. The main activities of a farm are the production of agricultural products using the land plot provided for these purposes, as well as the processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products produced by it. The farm has the right to carry out other types of activities that do not contradict the law.

2. In cases provided for by law, certain types of activities may be carried out by a farm only on the basis of a special permit (license).

3. The farm has the right to carry out foreign economic activity in accordance with the law.

Article 23

1. A farm has the right to dispose of its products and sell them at its own discretion in accordance with the concluded agreements.

2. When selling agricultural products, as well as in the process of their production, processing, storage and transportation, the farm is obliged to comply with sanitary norms and rules, the requirements of legislation in the field of quality and safety of food raw materials and food products for human life and health, as well as environmental requirements. security.

Article 24. Participation of farms in the creation of commercial and non-profit organizations

1. Farm enterprises can create unitary enterprises, be founders (participants) of business partnerships and companies, members of consumer cooperatives.

2. For the purpose of coordinating their business activities, representing and protecting common property interests, farm enterprises may, by agreement among themselves, create associations in the form of associations or unions.

Article 25. Participation of a farm in financial and credit relations

1. The farm has the right to receive credit and borrowed funds in accordance with the law.

2. As security for the fulfillment of obligations under a loan agreement, a farm may use a pledge of its property, including crops, as well as a pledge of the right to lease property.

3. Farm enterprises may be provided with preferential loans within the funds of the republican budget allocated for these purposes, with the payment of interest for their use in the amount of not more than half of the refinancing rate of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus starting from the second year after receiving the loan.

4. The farm has the right to open current (settlement) and other accounts for keeping funds, carrying out settlement and (or) cash and other operations in accordance with the law.

Article 26

Article 27. Accounting and reporting in farms

Features of accounting for income and expenses of farms, as well as the procedure for compiling and submitting accounting, tax, statistical and other reports by them are established by law.

Article 28. Labor relations in a farm

1. The head of the farm enters into labor contracts with members of the farm in accordance with labor legislation.

2. If necessary, to perform work on a farm, persons who are not members of the farm may be involved under a labor or other contract, in compliance with the requirements of the law.

3. For members of the farm and other persons working on the farm under an employment contract, if the work on the farm is the main one for them, work books are kept in the manner prescribed by labor legislation.

Article 29. Settlement of disputes related to the activities of the farm

Disputes related to the activities of the farm are resolved in court.

Chapter 7

REORGANIZATION AND LIQUIDATION OF FARMS

Article 30

1. A farm may be reorganized by decision of the supreme management body of the farm, as well as in other cases provided for by legislative acts.

The reorganization of the farm is carried out in the manner prescribed by civil law and the charter of the farm.

2. Members of a farm newly established as a result of reorganization must meet the requirements set out in paragraph 1 of Article 4 and paragraph 1 of Article 8 of this Law.

Article 31

1. The liquidation of a farm is carried out on the grounds and in the manner prescribed by legislative acts.

2. Disputes on the liquidation of a farm are resolved in the economic court.

Article 32

The property of a liquidated farm remaining after satisfaction of creditors' claims is distributed among its members in proportion to their shares in the charter fund of the farm, and also taking into account their personal labor participation, unless otherwise provided by the charter of the farm.

Chapter 8

FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 33

Farm enterprises within a year after the entry into force of this Law are required to bring their constituent documents in line with this Law.

Article 34. Transitional provisions

1. The requirements set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 4 and paragraph 1 of Article 8 of this Law do not apply to citizens who are members of farms established before the entry into force of this Law.

2. Article 26 of this Law is valid until the entry into force of the Special Part of the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus.

Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus N. DEMENTEY

From a financial point of view, it is absolutely cheap - the state will have to pay only 0.8 of the base amount. However, unlike opening a PUE or LLC, it will take more time - about three months.

First of all, you should familiarize yourself with the regulations that regulate the forthcoming farming activities: Law of the Republic of February 18, 1991 N 611-XII “On Peasant (Farm) Economy” (as amended on January 9, 2017); the Land Code of the Republic; Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated December 27, 2007 No. 667 “On withdrawal and provision of land plots”.

Next, n it is necessary to determine the types of crops grown and the place of their cultivation. A farmer can receive free, life-long use of up to 50 hectares of agricultural land. At the same time, the land plot can be inherited, but it cannot be sold or exchanged.

Then you need to writebusiness plan future farm, which will subsequently be considered by the district executive committee. Naturally, he must objectively take into account the possibilities of cultivating specific crops in the planned areas.

You should also find out who exactly owns certain plots of land that you would like to claim. The land may be administered by the village council or run by a local agricultural enterprise. Depending on this, there is an initial agreement with the village council or with an agricultural enterprise on the possibility of providing these lands for farming. The village council must, within two weeks, give an answer to a citizen or legal entity about the possibility of providing this land.

After that, an application is submitted to the district executive committee confirming the possibility of locating a farm according to a certain model. A business plan and a decision of the village council are attached to it. The district executive committee considers this application within one month. The advantage for registering a farm is for persons who live in the area and have experience in agricultural work.

After receiving the decision of the district executive committee you should register your commercial organization, i.e. farming. Registration takes place on the day of submission of documents. However, for state registration, the following documents must be submitted:

- application for state registration;

- receipt of payment (0.8 base value);

- two copies of the charter of the farm, its electronic copy;

- a copy of the document of the district executive committee confirming the possibility of locating a farm in the proposed place of such placement.

Then an application is submitted to the district executive committee for the provision of a land plot.

Simultaneously, land surveying work begins, a project for land acquisition is being drawn up. By law, these works are paid for by the local budget. This work takes about a month.

The acquired land must be registered(done at BTI). After that, the applicant has rights to this site.

What else should a future farmer know? He must pay taxes for the use of the land. For the first three years, no land tax is levied on the farm. In subsequent years, it is possible to provide benefits from the district executive committee.

Farms have the right to switch to paying a single tax for agricultural producers in accordance with tax legislation.

If a farmer enters into contracts with employees, then he must pay taxes in accordance with the law, i.e. contributions to the Social Security Fund, insurance, etc. Work books are issued for all employees.

But, as they say, the eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing. So, good luck, farmers!

Svetlana Loban, head of the economics department of the district executive committee.

In Belarus, farms do not develop, but survive, says economist, ex-adviser to the Minister of Agriculture and Food Kazimir Romanovsky. He stated this BelaPAN, commenting on the data of Belstat, published in the collection "On the activities of peasant (farm) enterprises in the Republic of Belarus (2010-2016)".

Thus, according to official statistics, the number of registered farms is growing every year, albeit slightly: from 3017 in 2015 to 3066 in 2016. The number of employees in such farms also slightly increased - from 9200 to 9346.

Net profit increased from 518.9 billion non-denominated rubles to 64.1 million denominated. Return on sales decreased from 18.1% to 17.8%. The volume of production increased in 2016 by 14.6% against 3.3% in general for the agro-industrial complex. Investments decreased from 56.2 million rubles to 42 million. The number of unprofitable enterprises amounted to 11.7%.

In the structure of production, the cultivation of potatoes and vegetables occupies 56%, cereals - 11.6%, industrial crops - 3.9%, fruits and berries - 7.4%, other crop production - 10.3%, livestock and poultry - 7 .2%, milk production - 3%, eggs - 0.1%, other livestock products - 0.5%.

According to Romanovsky, there is no growth trend in the number of farms. “Some farms appear, some die. They increased slightly, but it cannot be said that this is a development trend and that they play an important role in the country's agriculture. Their share in our economy is at the level of statistical error, and the state has nothing to do with this industry.”, - says the expert.

Regarding the decline in investment, he noted that this is due to the high cost of credit resources and the small amount of working capital from farmers. State support for the private sector of agriculture is also insignificant.

“Judging by the share of 1.9% in the gross agricultural production, this indicates that there are few farmers and almost no one needs this industry. If we talk about profitability of 18-20%, then it shows that peasant farms do not develop, but survive”, - says Romanovsky.

At the same time, he believes that the imbalance in development is caused by the fact that most farmers, due to the need for survival, are engaged in growing potatoes and vegetables, which brings a quick payback.

“We did not have and do not have a system to support farming and personal subsidiary plots. There are large farms that pull the entire industry. Farmers do not want to go into animal husbandry because it is, in principle, unprofitable and cannot survive without state support.”, - stressed the economist.

He gave an example: in 2000, 630,000 cows were kept in subsidiary farms, and 2,400 were kept by farmers, at the beginning of 2017, about 100,000 were left.

When asked what niche farmers could occupy in the country's agriculture, the expert answered: “Today there is an opportunity for development due to the high level of unemployment in the countryside. People, based on the needs of the market, could breed interesting breeds of birds (turkey, geese, ducks), goats, sheep, rabbits. It is also worth developing beekeeping. 3.4 thousand hives in farms is not enough. In Belarus, honey is popular among the population, but, unfortunately, about 80% of honey imported from abroad is fake. Gomel and Brest regions can grow gourds. Also develop horticulture and the cultivation of seedlings for farmsteads and cottages. We do not grow enough berries (currants, raspberries, strawberries, wild strawberries and others). You can also take a niche in floriculture. It's time for us to finish feeding the flower mafia. To grow aromatic and medicinal herbs for the food industry and pharmacy. Under the supervision of scientific organizations to engage in the production of seeds of vegetables, berries and flowers for the population. It's big business and it's worth pushing Dutch seeds out of the market.".

“Farming has a future. But the state should be engaged in the development of programs for its development. A farmer, a peasant should know what the country needs today, and this should be included in the program. It is necessary to give them loans for development, and at 2%, and not at 30-40%. Support in every possible way", summed up the expert.