Whether the seller can refuse to sell the product. Whether the seller can refuse to sell the product. Can the seller refuse to buy me

Relations in the field of consumer protection are governed by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights", other federal laws (hereinafter referred to as laws) and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with them.

Under a retail sale contract, a seller engaged in entrepreneurial activity in the sale of goods at retail undertakes to transfer to the buyer goods intended for personal, family, home or other use not related to entrepreneurial activity.

A retail sale and purchase agreement is a public agreement concluded by a commercial organization that establishes its obligations to sell goods that such an organization, by the nature of its activities, must carry out in relation to everyone who turns to it. At the same time, she does not have the right to give preference to one person over another in relation to the conclusion of a public contract, except for the cases provided for by the Law and other legal acts.

The refusal of a commercial organization to conclude a public contract if it is possible to provide the consumer with the relevant goods is not allowed (Article 426 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

The goods displayed in the trading floor with price tags and offered for sale are an offer, i.e. are recognized as a proposal addressed to one or several specific persons, which is quite specific and expresses the intention of the person who made the proposal, to consider himself to have concluded an agreement with the addressee who will accept the proposal.

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The offer connects the person who sent it from the moment it is received by the addressee (Article 435 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

In case of unjustified evasion of a commercial organization from concluding a public contract, the provisions provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 445 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation apply.

If a party for whom, in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the conclusion of an agreement is mandatory, evades its conclusion, the other party has the right to apply to the court with a demand to compel the conclusion of an agreement. In this case, the party unreasonably evading the conclusion of the contract must compensate the other party for the losses caused by this (445 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

in the field of consumer protection and well-being

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person in the Astrakhan region, g.

Address:, Astrakhan, st. N. Ostrovsky, 138

Does the seller have the right to refuse to sell the goods to the buyer?

According to Art. 426 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the seller is obliged to timely service the visitor, including providing change. Otherwise, the buyer has the right to even go to court (clause 4 of article 445 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation)!

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That. if the seller refuses to exchange bills himself, the Buyer can complain to Rospotrebnadzor and the Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights - the competent supervisory authority can fine the seller - after all, in fact, refusal to accept payment in the form of any bill means refusal to sell the goods, and this is a serious violation of consumer rights.

Happy shopping!

according to the rules of trade, the seller does not have the right to refuse the buyer to sell the goods, but in life it will work out as it will: they can get nasty, swear in small stores, in large ones, ask for a senior cashier or HR manager to solve the problem. usually the conflict disappears after that

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Can the seller refuse to sell the product

Probably, everyone is familiar with the situation when the seller refuses to sell the product for one reason or another.

At the same time, in accordance with civil law, the seller is obliged to conclude a sale and purchase agreement with everyone who turns to him with such an intention, if there is an opportunity to provide the goods. The seller also has no right to give preference to one person over another. At the same time, depending on the situation, the seller's refusal to sell can be both his right and obligation.

Most often, the seller refuses to sell:

goods due to lack of delivery;

According to the standard rules for the operation of cash registers (KKM), the store management is obliged to provide cashiers with money in the amount necessary for settlements with customers (letter from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 08/30/1993). Therefore, refusal to conclude a sale and purchase agreement for this reason is illegal and violates the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on a public offer.

Important! If you yourself are examining your case related to the seller's refusal to sell the goods, then you should remember that:

All cases of consumer cheating are unique and individual.
Understanding the basics of the law is helpful, but does not guarantee a result.
The possibility of a positive outcome depends on many factors.

If the seller offers you to find smaller bills, since he has no change, you should write about this in the Book of Complaints and Suggestions. You can also submit an application to the territorial office of Rospotrebnadzor;

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Article 14.8 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights" says that the seller is obliged to provide reliable information to the buyer about the product, its consumer properties, characteristics and price.

That is, if there is a discrepancy between the price on the price tag and in the check, the seller must return the difference to you. If he refuses to do this, you can contact Rospotrebnadzor;

Important! Be sure to take a photo of the price tag as proof and keep the receipt!

alcoholic drinks.

If we are talking about minors, the sale of alcohol-containing products to them is a violation of the law and entails administrative liability in the form of a fine of up to 50 thousand rubles for the seller and up to 500 thousand for a legal entity.

In accordance with the law governing the sale of alcoholic beverages, the seller has the right to request documents from the buyer if he doubts whether he has reached the age of majority. Such a document can be a passport, military ID, refugee certificate, residence permit, certificate of temporary asylum.

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In addition, in the Russian Federation there is a ban on the sale of alcohol at night (its time frame depends on the region). That is, the seller legally has the right not to sell alcohol-containing products at night.

When you are refused to sell a particular product, you should remember that the buyer is not always right, and there are situations in which the truth is on the seller's side. But if you think that your rights have been violated, and you want to restore justice, we recommend that you seek advice from a qualified lawyer.

ATTENTION! Due to the latest changes in legislation, the information in the article could be out of date! Our lawyer will advise you free of charge - write in the form below.

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Then I filed a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor, after which the store owner returned the goods and returned the money to me. And now I'm afraid that the owner will refuse to sell me another product that suits me.

104, paragraph 3.8.1. , approved the standard rules for the operation of cash register machines in the implementation of cash settlements with the population.)

Thus, if the seller refuses to exchange bills himself, the Buyer can complain to Rospotrebnadzor and the Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights - the competent supervisory authority can fine the seller - after all, in fact, refusal to accept payment in the form of any bill means refusal to sell the goods, and this is a serious violation consumer rights.

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If the cashier cannot give change, then the client has the right to demand a call from the authorities, write a complaint in the complaint book, or contact the Rospotrebnadzor department. A fine will be taken from the management of the enterprise, and if repeated violations are detected, the outlet will be closed.

It’s like let’s be indignant at once - we do not exchange drugs.

I say, I do not need an exchange, I ask how you can replace it, give me something else.

she calmed down, and gave 3 to choose from - I chose and give money -1000r. there was no less.

she asks for 5 rubles, so as not to give change in small change, I say no change.

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she says, so girl, that's it, I won't sell you anything! the guy stood behind me and said, take 5 rubles, sell it.

she went broke - all take your money and get out of here, I won't sell anything to you, not in the subject - all medications are only prescription! I'm not going to answer for you, if she feels so bad, let him call an ambulance!

and throws me my 1000.

I'm in complete shock. I felt so offended, you just can't imagine. I thought that my mother was sick there and was waiting for me with the medicine. - everything carried me away - I yelled at her, said that she herself needed to be treated, and so on. all sorts of things.

in the end I had to call an ambulance. this also happens

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I ASKED FOR A MEDICINE WITH A SIMILAR PROPERTIES, AGAINST THE SAME DISEASE. BUT OTHER.

BROWN THIS JUST TO SHOW WHAT WAS NOT FIT AND WHY. TO SELL ME ANOTHER, SUITABLE. and they sold me, because it was too lazy to count a trifle, is that really normal?

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The fact that the sellers here write "THE BUYER IS SOMETIMES WRONG" is purely due to lack of education. In order to work in stores, you must not only go through the sanitary minimum, but also visit a psychotherapist, check for adequacy. In addition, our sellers are uneducated, of course, this is the fault of the employer who SHOULD train, improve the qualifications of employees, and raise the culture of their employees.

Refusal of the seller to sell the goods

I work as a salesperson with products.

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Often in the morning visitors come with 1000 bills and I really don't have enough change, and we are obliged to give change and not refuse to buy.

Sometimes scandals occur due to the fact that I do not have a trifle to provide the calculation, but I don’t print the change.

Tell me, can I refuse a buyer to buy any product if I do not have the money to change his large bill? what should I do by right?

Lawyers Answers (3)

Under the law, the seller has no right to refuse to sell the product on the grounds that he has no change.

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The refusal of a commercial organization to conclude a public contract, if it is possible to provide the consumer with the appropriate goods, services, and perform the appropriate work for him is not allowed (Article 426 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

The letter of Roskomtorg dated March 17, 1994 N 1-314 / 32-9 "On the approximate rules for the operation of a retail enterprise and the Basic requirements for the operation of a small-scale retail network" contains Article 38 with the following content: demand from him to change money himself. "

The Model Rules for the operation of cash registers clearly state that the management of stores is obliged to provide cashiers with change bills in the required quantity.

If you violate the rights of buyers and require them to exchange large bills, then they can reasonably write complaints to Rospotrebnadzor and the Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.

Therefore, unfortunately for you, the buyers' requirements are justified and legal.

Therefore, if the buyer insists on his requirements, you will have to find the change by making an exchange either at the administration or at a neighboring checkout. Either you can tactfully ask the customer to wait until the next customer arrives with smaller bills, or you can ask them to make a purchase by bank transfer.

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Have a question for a lawyer?

No, you cannot refuse the service, by virtue of Art. 426 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Public Agreement)

A public contract is a contract concluded by a commercial organization that establishes its obligations to sell goods, perform work or provide services that such an organization, by the nature of its activities, must carry out in relation to everyone who turns to it (retail trade, transportation by public transport, communication services , power supply, medical, hotel services, etc.).

Thus, your service is recognized by law as a public contract of sale, that is, a transaction where the seller sells the goods and the buyer buys the goods.

Therefore, you have no right to deny any citizen a service, that is, to sell a product. The need to have small bills and small change for change should be taken care of in advance by your management.

Protect yourself by reporting your problem to management so that buyers don't ask for a complaint book.

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When starting work, you must know - Rules for operating the cash register

p.8. Before starting work at the cash register, the cashier receives from the store director or senior cashier everything necessary for work (keys, bargaining chip and bills of money in the amount necessary for settlements with customers, accessories for the operation and maintenance of the machine) under signature.

Accordingly, without a bargaining chip (money), you cannot start work.

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Ask our lawyers a question - it's much faster than looking for a solution.

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Is it possible to refuse a buyer to sell a specific product?

In accordance with Art. 492 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a retail sale and purchase agreement is a public agreement.

Displaying goods at the point of sale (on counters, in showcases, etc.), demonstrating their samples or providing information about the goods being sold (descriptions, catalogs, photographs of goods, etc.) at the point of sale is recognized as a public offer, regardless of whether whether the price and other material terms of the retail sales contract are indicated, unless the seller has explicitly determined that the goods in question are not intended for sale (for example, for young people)

A public offer (offer) obliges you to sell the product to everyone who contacts you.

In this case, the price of the goods must be set the same for all consumers, except for cases when the law and other legal acts allow the provision of benefits for certain categories of consumers.

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Refusal to conclude a public contract if it is possible to provide the consumer with the relevant goods, services, and perform the relevant work for him is not allowed.

The right to decide - to demand replacement of the product or a refund of its purchase price - belongs to the buyer. The seller is obliged to replace the goods (unless, of course, the buyer's fault in its breakdown as a result of improper operation), if any.

If you are sure that the buyer misused the snow scooter - document it (send it for examination) - reserve the right to contact the buyer for compensation for this damage, given that you have already returned the money in order to avoid a conflict. And if this buyer still insists on buying a new snowmobile, you will have a "tool" in negotiating with him on this issue ...

Best regards, Elena Nikolaevna Mogilevskaya

There is no such article in the law.

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And it is the buyer's right to receive money or change the product.

In this case, you need to conduct an independent examination to prove that the breakdown was the fault of the buyer. Well, or somehow hint to the buyer that the whole batch is like that, then he may not want to change (but this must be done carefully, so as not to harm the reputation of the store.

I agree with my colleagues that your only way is to conduct an examination. At the same time, it is not a fact that experts will establish the buyer's guilt, because the snow scooter was used for its intended purpose, etc.

You are happy to go shopping, choose the product you like and are going to buy it, but the seller refuses to serve you. Is it possible? Does the seller have the right not to sell the product to the client?

Can the seller refuse to buy me?

Yes, he can do it. Although, in doing so, he acts against his own interests - it is obvious that a customer who has received a rejection is unlikely to return to the same store again.

Legally, the buyer and seller enter into a formal sales contract. His conclusion implies the consent of both parties. Since Germany has freedom to conclude contracts, the deal will not take place if one of the parties does not agree.

Does this rule work if the product can only be bought from one seller?

No. If the seller is a monopolist (trades in goods that only he has), in general he is obliged to sell them to customers. For example, if there is only one food vendor in the whole village who sells mineral water.

In addition, the seller may have serious legal problems if he did not sell the product because of discrimination. For example, if he judged the client for origin, age, gender, or sexual orientation.

Can an eBay seller not sell me an auction item?

No, what was purchased at the auction was acquired. At the end of the auction, you automatically enter into a sales contract with the online seller in accordance with the Civil Code (paragraph 433). This applies to auction offers, both private and commercial.

Therefore, the argument that the price offered for the product is too low for the seller does not work - the sale and purchase transaction must take place. The seller is obliged to sell the goods purchased by the client at the auction, otherwise he will violate the provisions of the contract of sale. If the seller does not ship the item, you are eligible for compensation.

Can the seller refuse to sell me an item? updated: Aug 24, 2019 by the author: Victoria Holodenina

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Obligations of sellers

Almost every person was faced with the rudeness of sellers, overpricing for goods and with many other violations of his rights committed by store employees.

Often, a person finds himself in a situation when store employees refuse to sell him the goods he needs or refuse him to replace the goods of inadequate quality. However, such actions of sellers are considered illegal if the buyer has taken all the necessary actions.

In fulfilling their job responsibilities, store employees must adhere to the following rules:

they are obliged to transfer goods to buyers immediately after payment has been made, regardless of the method;
the sale of goods is public, in connection with which it is concluded with any person who wishes to purchase the goods;
the employees of the organization in which the goods of inadequate quality were purchased are obliged to change it for another or return the money if the buyer applied to them with a statement within 2 weeks after the purchase;
employees can refuse to conclude a transaction only in those cases that are provided for by the laws of the Russian Federation or the Charter of the organization.

The organization that sells the goods acts as one of the parties to the legal relationship.

The actions of the seller organization related to the display of goods on the shelves and the indication of the price are a public offer. Except when it is indicated in the advertisement of the product that these actions are not a public offer, and that the terms of the transaction may be changed.

The cost of the goods, which is indicated on the goods, cannot be changed at the time of the transaction.

If the price does not correspond to the indicated value, then the difference is compensated by the organization-seller.

When resolving a dispute between the buyer and the seller, remember the following:

each situation is individual and has its own characteristics. Therefore, it is not recommended to rely entirely on a similar case;
legal literacy will help to resolve a disputable situation, however, it does not give a 100% guarantee, since when resolving a dispute, the circumstances under which the offense was committed are taken into account;
it is not always possible to resolve the situation in your favor.

Attention! Our qualified lawyers will assist you free of charge and around the clock on any questions.

When a refusal to sell a product is possible

Individuals and legal entities have the freedom to choose and conclude an agreement and transaction. This right is specified in article 421 of the Civil Code. So, the sales contract is most often public in nature and it is concluded orally.

Employees of seller organizations are obliged to provide services to all citizens who apply who have fulfilled their obligations (paid for the goods, showed an identity card, etc.).

The seller has the right to refuse to provide the goods to the buyer only if the latter violates the requirements of the law or the acts of the organization that regulate its activities.

Thus, the refusal is recognized as justified if:

one of the buyers interferes with other buyers: behaves rudely or inappropriately or is under the influence of alcohol or psychotropic substances;
the buyer has not reached the specified age to purchase the goods (cigarettes or alcoholic beverages).
the buyer intends to purchase wine and vodka products after 23:00;
the party refuses to show identity documents when purchasing tobacco or alcohol products;
the conclusion of a public contract will lead to a violation of the law or the Articles of Association of the company.

So, in many stores there is a notice that smoking is prohibited on the territory of the organization, and non-compliance with this requirement may become a reason for refusal.

The most common reason for refusal is the failure of a person to reach the established age, since the organization is brought to administrative responsibility for selling tobacco products to minors.

In addition, employees often refuse to sell goods to citizens who are intoxicated.

Remember! In some cases, however, sellers err by labeling customers and denying them a service. In such situations, a citizen whose consumer rights have been violated can turn to the police for help.

But in such situations, it is required to contact the law enforcement authorities immediately, without leaving the place of the offense.

When the seller's actions are illegal

The assessment of the seller's actions depends on the circumstances under which the dispute arose.

Seller's actions that are recognized as illegal:

refusal to conclude a contract due to lack of delivery. The head of the organization or another authorized person is obliged to provide the cashier with cash;
the difference in prices on the price tag and the checkout. In such a situation, the organization must make up the difference;
refusal to provide goods of good quality or exchange of low-quality goods. Except when the goods cannot be returned and exchanged. In this case, products that are specified in the law are not subject to return. Many organizations write a notice stating that in their organization the goods cannot be returned and exchanged, however, buyers are not required to comply with this requirement, since it is illegal.

No change

All organizations selling goods are required to have cash register machines (cash registers).

The rules for the operation of cash register machines impose an obligation on organizations to provide the cashier with the necessary amount of money.

In this regard, the refusal to conclude a sales contract due to lack of delivery is illegal.

In such a situation, a citizen should write this in the Complaints Book and contact the head of the organization.

You can also file a complaint with the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor.

ATTENTION! Look at the completed sample complaint against the seller to Rospotrebnadzor:

Watch the video. Algorithm of consumer actions in case of violation of his rights:

Showcase sample

Sellers often refuse to provide the goods to buyers because they are a display case.

Such a refusal is also illegal, since Article 494 of the Civil Code states that displaying goods on shelves is a public offer, and all goods are to be sold. Unless the seller immediately informed the buyers that the product was not for sale.

Thus, if there is no information on the product that it is not intended for sale, the buyer has the right to demand its sale. And if the seller refuses to transfer it, then the buyer should contact the head of the department with a requirement to provide him with the selected product.

In such a situation, an authorized person can either sell a display case, or inform the date of delivery of a new one. In case 2, the buyer can receive privileges when concluding a transaction.

The item has already been purchased

There are situations when sellers refuse to provide a product due to the fact that it has already been sold, but they agree to conclude an oral sales contract for the same product on other terms (with accessories, no discount, etc.).

Remember! Regulatory legal acts prohibit the imposition of additional goods (accessories). This prohibition is specified in clause 2 of article 13 of the Federal Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights". Also, if information about a discount was indicated in the advertisement, then the organization is obliged to provide it.

In a situation where sellers impose on the buyer unnecessary accessories, the second party should purchase all the goods and then hand over all unnecessary items at the checkout.

Defects

In some situations, employees of the organization refuse to sell a product due to the fact that it has defects. However, for some buyers, these defects do not matter.

In such a situation, the buyer has the right to demand a reduction in the value of the goods.

Usually sellers meet halfway and satisfy the requirements of the buyer, as it is beneficial to both parties.

Lack of goods

Many people visit stores in order to purchase a specific product that has a good discount, but it often happens that a person who visits a store finds out that there is no product for which the discount was valid.

Basically, a similar situation arises due to the fact that discounts and promotions are provided for a product, the quantity of which is limited, and employees of the organization or their acquaintances are buying it up themselves.

In such a situation, you need to carefully study the advertisement, it is important to find information in it about the following: for how long the promotion is valid, are there any restrictions on the quantity of goods. If this information is not available, the buyer has the right to demand the import of a new product.

Buyer's actions

If a person was refused to conclude a sale and purchase agreement, he can contact the competent authorities.

However, you should first try to resolve the dispute yourself:

leave a record in the book of complaints;
complain to the head of the department;
inform the director of the organization;
request to call the person in charge (administrator, deputy director, manager, etc.).

ATTENTION! View the completed police report form:

Attention! If the measures taken turned out to be useless, the citizen should contact the police, court or Rospotrebnadzor. To do this, the person must send a statement or complaint, attach documents to it confirming the fact of the offense.

Videotapes, photographs, written testimonies of witnesses, etc. can be used as evidence. It is important to include information about the buyer and seller, as well as who and when the offense was committed.

Good day, readers of our site. Do you know what the level of sales depends on? Someone might say that from the quality of the product, from the brand, from the popularity of the company or from advertising. Also, sales depend on the successful location of the store, on marketing moves and work with customers. All this is correct, there are dozens of factors, but few people know that even the most unsold thing can be sold, the buyer can be forced to buy what he absolutely does not need.
Scientists from all over the world have been analyzing customer behavior for more than one year, studying various scientific methods of influencing our desires to buy this or that thing. It turns out that we are a very simple biological species which is easier to manage than it seems. So you may think no, I'm not like that, I will not be introduced to various scientific tricks. I want to disappoint, because you, me, and millions of people around the world every day in stores, restaurants, supermarkets are faced with well-developed sales techniques. Sometimes we don't even notice them, but somewhere, at a subconscious level, everything is postponed, and the desire to pay attention to a certain group of goods, to stop near the shelves, to buy this or that product, arises.
Today the article will be exactly about the 5 most common scientific methods that help sell a product. Be sure to read the article carefully, draw conclusions, and use these techniques when building your sales schemes.

How to sell a product: Rule # 1 - the buyer is predictable

The next time you walk into a large grocery store, pay attention to what is on the right. Remembering supermarkets in Kiev, I can say that many of them have a department with fresh fruits and vegetables right on the right. Some try to arrange baked goods nearby. It is noteworthy that practically the entrance doors are located so that upon entering you will be forced to turn to the right. This arrangement is not accidental, and everything is subject to strict rules and long scientific research.
As it turned out, humans are very predictable, almost like animals during migration. We take the same routes through the store. Scientists who have studied consumer behavior in different countries have come to the conclusion that we prefer to walk around the store counterclockwise.
Modern markets are designed in such a way that you unwittingly, but go along a well thought out route. Knowing that entering the store, you will definitely turn to the right, marketers try to place the freshest, seductive and attractive product there. It is the first one that catches your eye, and you, like it or not, think about it, consider the need for such a purchase. As a rule, the goods are not the most popular, those that need to be sold quickly. They understand that if you place a shelf with chips or refrigerators with beer at the entrance, then you just grab them and go to the checkout without seeing all the offers of the store.
Another trick is that the first thing you see forms the impression of the entire store. Having entered the market and seeing fresh greens, bright and beautiful fruits, you will automatically be more loyal to this store, it will be associated with freshness, bright colors and pleasant smells.
The sequence of "showing" goods to you is also thought out to the smallest detail. Seeing the palette of colors and freshness from fruits, you move on, you see other products, but completely different from those that I buy most often. Bread, dairy products, meat, eggs - all this is located at the farthest end of the market, and by the time you get there, you are throwing a bunch of all sorts of nonsense into the cart that you were not going to buy initially.
Remember! The most important thing is to get the customer to stay in the store for as long as possible, bypass the maximum number of shelves and view many products. A person will never buy "Haporel Honey Pepper" if he does not know about its existence.
Why does it work?
Walking in circles is a common activity for herd animals, but why people behave this way is not yet clear. Research has shown that shoppers in England, Japan and Australia prefer to walk around the store in a clockwise direction, possibly due to left-hand traffic in their respective countries. If you are accustomed to driving on the right side, then there is a high probability that in the store you will also go to the right, along the wall.
Whatever it was, we can say that this impulse is really strong. In the USA, they even tried to conduct an experiment. In the store, the right door was opened, and they wanted to force customers to go clockwise, that is, turn to the left. Imagine the surprise when customers entered through the right door, but still went to the left entrance to start moving counterclockwise. This is already embedded in the subconscious, so people are more comfortable.

How to Sell: Rule # 2 - More Brilliant

Everything shiny and beautiful is automatically perceived as something new, fashionable and valuable. Many drivers can attest that after a good wash and polish, they even feel that the car runs much better. “This cannot be my 1990 Lada, which I previously drove. Look how it shines, the engine works differently. "
That is why in good and expensive stores everything sparkles, glows, shimmers with various colors of the rainbow.
Envirosell Inc. conducted a large-scale study, and found that a shiny showcase makes passers-by involuntarily slow down, and some even stop to take a closer look at the presented goods. And it's hard to fight with it.
Why does it work?
In 1990, researchers from England put forward a rather interesting theory. They believe that our love for all that is brilliant goes back to the time of the first people. It was then that the first people were looking for good, clean and drinkable water, focusing on its brilliance.
Scientists conducted a study and suggested that people choose vessels with the best, in their opinion, water. Many girls, without hesitation, chose the one that shone the most. The argument was that this water is more trustworthy and should be clean, tasty and pleasant.
Further, the experiment was with children, very young, who did not have time to fall under the influence of society. Two plates were placed in front of them, a white one and a shiny one. Almost everyone chose the shiny one, squatted down and tried to lick it. Not a single child did this with white.
The research results made it possible to put forward a hypothesis that before people were looking for water and recognized it by its brilliance, it was this skill that remained in the subconscious, and did not disappear for thousands of years. Therefore, seeing something brilliant, we involuntarily stop, try to consider and understand what it is.

How to Sell: Rule # 3 Enjoy Shopping

In Europe, and lately in our country, on all the big holidays, Roges, New Years, many stores arrange grand sales. In the US, there is an entire sales season that starts on Black Friday. People take time off at work, queue up at stores from late at night, stand, crowd at the entrance, wait for the store to open and get huge discounts. Do you think all this is from the fact that they need to buy some thing, or from the desire to save money? 95% of shoppers in the season of sales simply get a thrill from the shopping itself, from shopping, from shopping and the opportunity to buy something, and even cheaper than yesterday. Skillful sellers are aware of this weakness of a person, and can more than sell goods that have been stuck in warehouses in a few days.
Many of you laugh at shopaholics, whose girls do not feed with bread, let me buy a new jacket or blouse. But wait, this trick is used for more than just clothes and shoes. According to statistics, many gamers have about 10% of the games they bought, played several times, and that's it, the discs are gathering dust on the shelves. Some people buy books and then don't read them. Yes, a person can be forced to buy anything, and he will think that it is necessary. The understanding that a thing is useless comes much later.
Look around, you don’t have such things that you bought, but now you don’t understand why? A friend of mine has tons of DVDs with all sorts of movies. He will definitely not watch them, but every time he buys, he says that he is replenishing the collection. The process of finding a good movie and buying a disc is a pleasure.
Why does it work?
This is where old Dopamine comes in. This substance is produced by your brain when you are in love, when you eat delicious food or do what you love. Dopamine affects all body functions that are responsible for behavior, cognition, movement, and other important things, such as the ability to keep saliva in the mouth.
The effect of dopamine becomes stronger if you enter a new store, or come to another city. New emotions, new desires. It is not for nothing that scientists note that most of the pointless purchases we make while traveling. And, of course, that the thing, in fact, we do not need. We want to feel emotion, to get a dose of dopamine.

How to sell a product: Rule # 4 - numbers are not your strong point

In 2010, Steve Jobs introduced the whole world to a new miracle of technology - the iPad. And the price for it was pretty low, just $ 499. This is a very good price for ... but wait, what for? Before that, there were no tablets on the market, no one could say for sure the price, but everyone thought it was excellent, and even very low. The price was higher than that of phones and most laptops, so how can you be so sure that it is good?
And one more thing, why do they still continue to put nines at the end of price tags? Buyers have long understood that $ 499 is almost $ 500, so set a normal price that this is already a dollar. Many are sure that they have figured out this marketing ploy, and do not fall for it. But is it? Not a fact, far from a fact. Knowing that you are being manipulated in this way and not falling for the bait are two different things.
In fact, people are not good at numbers. Only a few can calculate the real benefit, understand the real price of the product. Let's say you wait until there is a discount on the sweater you like, then go to the store and pay by credit card. The bank calculates a percentage for the use of money, and it so happens that a sweater bought at a discount turns out to be more expensive than it was originally.
Also, many end up with loans. No one counts the real amounts, they are tempted to make small monthly payments, take out a loan for long lines, and at the same time, the overpayment can reach 100% of the amount.
Sellers understand that the price of a product is up to them. Even when you see that the product is 50% cheaper, then from the price that they invented. I specifically looked at the prices of household appliances with a 30% discount in one large store, and then on the Internet I found a similar offer, without a discount, and even at a lower price. It turns out that you save 30% of the price taken "from the ceiling".
Back to the very low $ 499 iPad price. Where does the belief that the price is really good come from? A few months before the presentation, many leading magazines and Internet sites, commissioned by Apple, made a good marketing ploy. They allegedly published information from reliable sources about the new tablet, its functionality, and hinted that having such characteristics, the gadget would cost at least a thousand dollars. At the presentation, Jobs also emphasized this fact that the price was planned to be significantly higher. This is how people got the impression that 499 is very cheap. The price may have been overpriced, but people thought differently.
How it works?
Imagine 3 tennis balls lying on a table. Have you presented? Now try to imagine 4037 of the same balls. I am sure that it will be almost impossible to do this, and it is difficult to imagine a table on which they will fit. The brain of many people is simply not adapted to work with such numbers, because nature did not provide us with such a functional, and natural selection did not take into account mathematical abilities.
The story of $ 499 and $ 500 is a great confirmation that numbers are not our strong point. Even if you understand that the difference is scanty, only one dollar, then the subconscious mind perceives differently. This happens for one simple reason - you read prices from left to right, and remember, to a greater extent, only the first. $ 499 is more likely to be called “four hundred and something” rather than “practically 500”. Sometimes they ask me how much a particular product cost. I answer, they say, a hundred and something rubles, and then I catch myself thinking that it cost 199. Even knowledge and understanding of this marketing move does not save you from mistakes in price perception.
Research also shows that those who try to calculate costs right in the store, save on purchases, spend as much, if not more. The notorious nines at the end of the price tag do not give us the ability to accurately and quickly calculate the price. Answer the question, how much will 5 avocados cost at 30 rubles apiece? I'm sure you answered instantly. Now calculate the price of the same amount of avocado, but at 29.89 apiece. I think there are problems.

How to Sell: Rule # 5 - A Familiar Logo Can Deceive Taste

Incredible brand credibility is warranted, but only up to a point. If you had a BMW car, then buying a new one, you will give preference to this particular brand. Users of Apple products are unlikely to ever change it to Samsung. But at some point, the brand name can play a cruel joke on you. You begin to idealize the product, exaggerate the pleasure it can deliver. I must say right away that I don't mean fashionistas who chase Gucci shoes and Prada handbags. For them, the brand is a kind of label that brings these girls closer to the upper strata of society.
I'm talking about something completely different:
In 1970, the Pepsi company conducted an interesting experiment called "Pepsi Challenges." Cola and Pepsi were poured into identical glasses. People were asked to choose which drink tastes better and what suits them best. Most Americans chose Pepsi. This experiment ended with overwhelming success, many media reported about it, and it would seem that after that Cola should have drowned in its sugar syrup, sales fell to a minimum, and the company had to leave most of the market. But, as we can see, Coca-Cola sells better than Pepsi to this day. And this is despite the fact that many people now say that Pepsi is much tastier.
What is even more surprising is the fact that when there were logos on the glasses, people, seeing the familiar white inscription on a red background, chose Cola. This phenomenon has been called the "Pepsi Paradox".
A similar experiment was carried out with wine. One test group was named the price of the drink ($ 90 and $ 10), and almost everyone said that the expensive was of the higher quality. But the second group did not know the prices, and the answers about the quality were divided 50 to 50. By the way, there is very expensive beer in China (the price of a bottle is more than $ 40), and it tastes like a cheap drink, which in the states costs no more than $ 3. The whole secret is that enterprising Chinese have pasted a beautiful label, carried out an advertising campaign and raised the price.
Why does it work?
And again the whole thing is in our brain, more precisely in the hemispheres. One is responsible for visual perception, and the other for gustatory perception. When you don't see the logo, you trust exclusively taste, real taste. When a person sees a logo, then memory comes into play, which associates the logo with something good, of better quality and well-known, which means that the products under this brand will be better.
Without logos, your brain tells you that Pepsi is much better and tastier, so choose it. But as soon as you see the logo, the brain keeps repeating - "When it's super, you have to drink it." Dozens of years of advertising campaign, and hammering data into a person's head did their job. Companies are actually brainwashing customers and making them love not what is better or healthier, but what they want to sell.

All the good time of the day, Aleksey Akhunov is in touch, and today we will analyze the question: does the seller have the right to refuse the buyer to sell the goods?

Each of us is faced with the situation that when he comes to the store for a product, the seller refuses to sell the product with reference to different circumstances.

The most common answers that sellers use in their work:

Let's take a look at each answer separately.

Answer: This is a display case, so the product is not for sale

What the seller argues for himself is that it is difficult to assemble, it takes a long time to disassemble and assemble a new one, etc.

The law says that it is impossible to refuse to sell a display sample, since according to a public offer Article 494. GKRF Exposition of goods at the point of sale (on counters, in showcases, etc.), demonstration of their samples at the point of sale is recognized as a public offer regardless of whether the price and other material terms of the retail sales contract are specified, unless the seller has explicitly determined that the goods in question are not intended for sale.

In other words, if there is no information on the product that it is not for sale, then the buyer has the right to demand that a display sample be sold to him.

How to act correctly

It is necessary to invite the head of the department (manager, head, etc.) and inform that you want to purchase this particular product and only because of it you came to the store. Usually there are two options: either you decide your question or you will be told the date of delivery of the goods and asked to pass on another day, with this option of the offer, it is possible to agree on a discount for the lost time.

Answer: It has already been bought, while the product is on the window

Often this situation arises when an organization has made a large discount on a product and it is not profitable for the seller to sell the product without accompanying accessories. He says that the product is sold, but if you want to purchase it plus additional accessories, then you are ready to make concessions.

The law says that the imposition of the sale of one product by the purchase of another is not legal, paragraph 2 of Art. 16 of the Consumer Protection Law

How to act correctly

If all your arguments that you do not need related products were not heard, then you can buy a complete set and, after receiving the goods, day in and day out, without leaving the store, hand over the unnecessary goods.

Answer: The product is defective

Sometimes the seller honestly warns that the product has a defect, but for you these defects are insignificant

The law says that in this situation it is possible to demand a commensurate reduction in the price; it is often more profitable for the seller to sell the product at a discount, rather than simply dispose of it, clause 1 of Art. 18 of the Consumer Protection Law

How to act correctly

I recommend that you notify the seller about your desire to purchase a product at a discount, if the seller asks for what discount you expect, then declare it as a percentage, since more often it is the percentage that is set in the programs, and not the amount.

Answer: The product is out of stock

Companies, in order to attract customers, send out super offers with a discount for a specific product, here you have a flyer in your hands and you are in a hurry to the store, but after visiting the store, they tell you that there is no product

Important: you need to see if there is information on the leaflet about a limited quantity of goods, it often happens that the printing house makes mistakes, and the final version does not contain the necessary notes. You can take advantage of this and require the seller to bring the goods in, in case of refusal, the court will be on your side.

Now you know a little more and you will be able to act correctly!

P.S. If you have any questions, write them in the comments!

There are always solutions if you know the laws!

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