GOST 3243 88 fuel wood. Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to softwood and hardwood firewood used as fuel.

1. Technical requirements

1.1. The dimensions of the firewood are set:
in length - 0.25; 0.33; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00 m;
in thickness - from 3 cm or more;
maximum deviation in length ± 0.02 m.

At the request of the consumer, firewood of multiple lengths is allowed. In this case, the maximum deviations in length are set from -0.05 to +0.10 m.
For the population, firewood of multiple lengths is not allowed.

Note. Firewood of multiple lengths for the population was allowed until 01.01.91.

1.1.1. Firewood with a length of 1 m or less and a thickness of 16 to 26 cm must be split into two parts, 28 to 40 cm thick - into four parts, 42 cm or more thick - into the number of parts at which the largest split line is at the end of any part would not exceed 22 cm.
1.2. External rotten rot is not allowed in the wood.

Sound and sapwood rot is allowed in size no more than 65% of the end area. The amount of firewood with rot from 30 to 65% of the end area should not exceed 20% of the batch volume, and when using firewood at the enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Forestry, up to 40% of the batch volume is allowed.

1.2.1. Firewood is shared by:
by tree species, depending on the calorific value, into three groups:
1 - birch, beech, ash, hornbeam, elm, elm, maple, oak, larch;
2 - pine, alder;
3 - spruce, cedar, fir, aspen, linden, poplar, willow;
according to the homogeneity of rocks - into homogeneous and mixed.

Homogeneous firewood is considered to be made from tree species assigned to one of the groups, mixed - from tree species of different groups.

1.2.2. Firewood from oak wood is harvested only in cases where it is not possible to use this wood for the production of tanning extracts.
1.2.3. The wood must be cleared of branches. The height of the remaining branches should not exceed 30 mm.
1.2.4. Firewood can be in bark or without bark.

2. Acceptance

2.1. Firewood is accepted in batches. A lot is considered to be any amount of firewood drawn up in one document certifying their compliance with the requirements of this standard.

2.2. The document must indicate:
the name of the department or organization in the system of which the supplier enterprise is included;
the name of the supplier and its location;
homogeneity of firewood and the ratio of different groups in mixed firewood;
the volume of a batch of firewood in a dense measure (cubic meters);
when accepting firewood by weight - batch weight in tons and wood moisture;
designation of this standard.
2.3. Acceptance rules - according to GOST 2292 with the following changes: the batch is subject to acceptance if the amount of firewood in the sample that does not meet the requirements of this standard is no more than 5%.

3. Control methods

3.1. Measurement of the size of rot - in accordance with GOST 2140.
3.2. Measuring instruments - in accordance with GOST 21524.
3.3. Determination of wood moisture content - according to GOST 17231.
3.4. Measurement of thickness and length of firewood - according to GOST 2292.
3.5. The volume of firewood with a length of more than 3 m is determined in accordance with GOST 2292 and GOST 2708.
3.6. The volume of firewood with a length of up to 3 m inclusive is determined by recalculating the fold measure into a dense one (m 3).
3.6.1. The volume of firewood in the fold is determined by multiplying the height of the woodpile (stack) by its length and width.
The width of the woodpile, the stack (hereinafter referred to as the woodpile) is taken equal to the nominal length of the stacked firewood.
The height of the woodpile is determined as the arithmetic mean of the results of at least three measurements.
With a woodpile length of more than 10 m, its height is measured every 3 m.

The thickness of the spacers and underlays is not taken into account when measuring the height. When stacking firewood with a moisture content of more than 25%, woodpiles should have an unaccountable allowance for shrinkage and shrinkage of 3 cm for each meter of height.

When determining the volume of a cell, 0.8 of the actual length is taken as its calculated length.

3.6.2. The volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the corresponding coefficient of full woodiness (appendix).
3.7. It is allowed to determine the volume of firewood by group methods according to technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
3.8. If there is a disagreement in determining the volume of firewood in accordance with paragraphs. 3.6, 3.6.1, 3.6.2 the volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the actual coefficient of full woodiness.
3.8.1. The actual coefficient of full woodiness is determined on a test woodpile, on the front side of which, outside the cells, a rectangle is marked with a height equal to the height of the woodpile, and a base length along the woodpile not less than 8 m. The sides of the rectangle are outlined with charcoal, paint or chalk.

A diagonal is drawn in a rectangle. When the length of the base of the rectangle is less than 8 m, two diagonals are drawn. The diagonal or, in the second case, both diagonals must intersect at least 60 ends of the logs.

The actual coefficient of full wood, expressed in hundredths, is determined by dividing the sum of the lengths of the ends of the logs along the diagonal of the rectangle (or two diagonals) by the length of the diagonal (or, respectively, two diagonals).
The length of the diagonal is measured in centimeters.
The result of measuring the length of the diagonal is rounded to the nearest centimeter, while fractions less than 0.5 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.5 cm or more are considered a whole centimeter.
The length of each end of the logs (without voids) is measured diagonally with the result rounded to 0.5 cm, while fractions less than 0.3 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.3 cm or more are considered 0.5 cm.
3.8.2. The actual coefficient of fullness of woodpiles, consisting of firewood in a round form, is allowed to be determined by dividing the total area of ​​the ends of the logs, determined on the front side of the woodpile in a rectangle with an area of ​​4 m 2, by the area of ​​this rectangle.

4. Transportation and storage

4.1. Firewood is transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport, in packaged and unpacked form.
4.2. The sizes of the packages are in accordance with GOST 16369. The packages are formed using packaging tools in accordance with GOST 14110.
4.3. Storage of firewood is carried out in dense, densely-packed and packaged stacks and dense woodpiles in open warehouses in a dry way.
General requirements for the layout of warehouses and stacking of stacks (woodpiles) - in accordance with GOST 9014.0 and GOST 12.3.015.
When woodpiles are more than 10 m long, they are strengthened with cages, which are laid every 10 m.

5. The limitation of the validity period has been removed according to the protocol N 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

6. REPUBLICATION. May 2004


This standard applies to softwood and hardwood firewood used as fuel.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The dimensions of the firewood are set:

in length - 0.25; 0.33; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00 m;

in thickness - from 3 cm or more;

maximum deviation in length ± 0.02 m.

At the request of the consumer, firewood of multiple lengths is allowed. In this case, the maximum deviations in length are set from -0.05 to +0.10 m.

For the population, firewood of multiple lengths is not allowed.

Note. Firewood of multiple lengths for the population was allowed until 01.01.91.

1.1.1. Firewood with a length of 1 m or less and a thickness of 16 to 26 cm must be split into two parts, 28 to 40 cm thick - into four parts, 42 cm or more thick - into the number of parts at which the largest split line is at the end of any part would not exceed 22 cm.

1.2. External rotten rot is not allowed in the wood.

Sound and sapwood rot is allowed in size no more than 65% of the end area. The amount of firewood with rot from 30 to 65% of the end area should not exceed 20% of the batch volume, and when using firewood at the enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Forestry, up to 40% of the batch volume is allowed.

1.2.1. Firewood is shared by:

by tree species, depending on the calorific value, into three groups:

1 - birch, beech, ash, hornbeam, elm, elm, maple, oak, larch;

2 - pine, alder;

3 - spruce, cedar, fir, aspen, linden, poplar, willow;

according to the homogeneity of rocks - into homogeneous and mixed.

Homogeneous firewood is considered to be made from tree species assigned to one of the groups, mixed - from tree species of different groups.

1.2.2. Firewood from oak wood is harvested only in cases where it is not possible to use this wood for the production of tanning extracts.

1.2.3. The wood must be cleared of branches. The height of the remaining branches should not exceed 30 mm.

1.2.4. Firewood can be in bark or without bark.

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Firewood is accepted in batches. A lot is considered to be any amount of firewood drawn up in one document certifying their compliance with the requirements of this standard.

2.2. The document must indicate:

the name of the department or organization in the system of which the supplier enterprise is included;

the name of the supplier and its location;

homogeneity of firewood and the ratio of different groups in mixed firewood;

the volume of a batch of firewood in a dense measure (cubic meters); when accepting firewood by weight - batch weight in tons and wood moisture;

designation of this standard.

2.3. Acceptance rules - according to GOST 2292 with the following changes: the batch is subject to acceptance if the amount of firewood in the sample that does not meet the requirements of this standard is no more than 5%.

3. CONTROL METHODS

3.1. Measurement of the size of rot - in accordance with GOST 2140.

3.2. Measuring instruments - in accordance with GOST 21524.

3.3. Determination of wood moisture content - according to GOST 17231.

3.4. Measurement of thickness and length of firewood - according to GOST 2292.

3.5. The volume of firewood with a length of more than 3 m is determined in accordance with GOST 2292 and GOST 2708.

3.6. The volume of firewood up to 3 m long inclusive is determined by recalculating the fold measure into a dense one (m).

3.6.1. The volume of firewood in the fold is determined by multiplying the height of the woodpile (stack) by its length and width.

The width of the woodpile, the stack (hereinafter referred to as the woodpile) is taken equal to the nominal length of the stacked firewood.

The height of the woodpile is determined as the arithmetic mean of the results of at least three measurements.

With a woodpile length of more than 10 m, its height is measured every 3 m.

The thickness of the spacers and underlays is not taken into account when measuring the height. When stacking firewood with a moisture content of more than 25%, woodpiles should have an unaccountable allowance for shrinkage and shrinkage of 3 cm for each meter of height.

When determining the volume of a cell, 0.8 of the actual length is taken as its calculated length.

3.6.2. The volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the corresponding coefficient of full woodiness (appendix).

3.7. It is allowed to determine the volume of firewood by group methods according to technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

3.8. In case of disagreement in determining the volume of firewood in accordance with clauses 3.6, 3.6.1, 3.6.2, the volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the actual coefficient of full woodiness.

3.8.1. The actual coefficient of full woodiness is determined on a test woodpile, on the front side of which, outside the cells, a rectangle is marked with a height equal to the height of the woodpile, and a base length along the woodpile not less than 8 m. The sides of the rectangle are outlined with charcoal, paint or chalk.

A diagonal is drawn in a rectangle. When the length of the base of the rectangle is less than 8 m, two diagonals are drawn. The diagonal or, in the second case, both diagonals must intersect at least 60 ends of the logs.

The actual coefficient of full wood, expressed in hundredths, is determined by dividing the sum of the lengths of the ends of the logs along the diagonal of the rectangle (or two diagonals) by the length of the diagonal (or, respectively, two diagonals).

The length of the diagonal is measured in centimeters.

The result of measuring the length of the diagonal is rounded to the nearest centimeter, while fractions less than 0.5 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.5 cm or more are considered a whole centimeter.

The length of each end of the logs (without voids) is measured diagonally with the result rounded to 0.5 cm, while fractions less than 0.3 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.3 cm or more are considered 0.5 cm.

3.8.2. The actual coefficient of fullness of woodpiles, consisting of firewood in a round form, is allowed to be determined by dividing the total area of ​​the ends of the logs, determined on the front side of the woodpile in a rectangle with an area of ​​4 m, by the area of ​​this rectangle.

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. Firewood is transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport, in packaged and unpacked form.

4.2. Package sizes - according to GOST 16369. Packages are formed using packaging tools in accordance with GOST 14110.

4.3. Storage of firewood is carried out in dense, densely-packed and packaged stacks and dense woodpiles in open warehouses in a dry way.

General requirements for the layout of warehouses and stacking of stacks (woodpiles) - in accordance with GOST 9014.0 and GOST 12.3.015.

When woodpiles are more than 10 m long, they are strengthened with cages, which are laid every 10 m.

APPENDIX (required). WOOD CAPACITY FOR CONVERSION OF FOLDING MEASURES IN DENSITY

APPENDIX
Mandatory

	Full wood ratio for logs
	Conifers				Hardwood
Length, m	round		split	mixture round and split	round		split	mixture round and split
	thin	average			thin	average

Notes:

1. Thin logs - from 3 to 10 cm, inclusive, medium - from 11 to 14 cm, inclusive; a mixture of logs - round 40% and chopped 60%.

2. If there are logs in the woodpile in more than 25% of curves with a branch height of more than 1 cm, the coefficient of full woodiness decreases for round ones by 0.07, for a mixture of round and chopped ones by 0.05, for chopped ones - by 0.04.

3. If there is coniferous and deciduous firewood in the batch, it is allowed to apply coefficients for the prevailing (coniferous or deciduous) species.

4. For a batch with a volume of more than 1000 folded cubic meters, when converting to a dense measure, it is allowed to apply the coefficients for a mixture of round and split logs for the prevailing species (coniferous or deciduous), but without taking into account Note 2.

The text of the document is verified by:
official publication
M .: IPK Publishing house of standards, 2004

Valid from 01.01.90
until 01/01/95

Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to softwood and hardwood firewood used as fuel.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The dimensions of the firewood are set:

• in length - 0.25; 0.33; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00 m;
• in thickness - from 3 cm or more;
• maximum deviation in length ± 0.02 m.

At the request of the consumer, firewood of multiple lengths is allowed. In this case, the maximum deviations in length are set from - 0.05 to + 0.10 m.

For the population, firewood of multiple lengths is not allowed.

Note. Firewood of multiple lengths for the population is allowed until 01.01.91.

1.1.1. Firewood with a length of 1 m to less and thicknesses from 16 to 26 cm should be split into two parts, from 28 to 40 cm thick - into four parts, 42 cm thick or more - into the number of parts at which the largest split line at the end of any part would not exceed 22 cm.

1.2. External rotten rot is not allowed in the wood.

Sound rot to sapwood is allowed with a size of no more than 65% of the end area. The amount of firewood with rot from 30 to 65% of the end area should not exceed 20% of the batch volume, and when using firewood at the enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Forestry, up to 40% of the batch volume is allowed.

1.2.1. Firewood is shared by:

by tree species, depending on the calorific value, into three groups:

1 - birch, beech, ash, hornbeam, elm, elm, maple, oak, larch;

2 - pine, alder;

3 - spruce, cedar, fir, aspen, linden, poplar, willow;

according to the homogeneity of rocks - into homogeneous and mixed.

Homogeneous firewood is considered to be made from tree species assigned to one of the groups, mixed - from tree species of different groups.

1.2.2. Firewood from oak wood is harvested only in cases where it is not possible to use this wood for the production of tanning extracts.

1.2.3. The wood must be cleared of branches. The height of the remaining branches should not exceed 30 mm. 1.2.4. Firewood can be in bark or without bark.

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Firewood is accepted in batches. A lot is considered to be any amount of firewood drawn up in one document certifying their compliance with the requirements of this standard.

2.2. The document must indicate:

• the name of the department or organization in the system of which the supplier enterprise is included;
• the name of the supplier and its location;
• homogeneity of firewood and the ratio of different groups in mixed firewood;
• the volume of a batch of firewood in a dense measure (cubic meters); when accepting firewood by weight - batch weight in tons and wood moisture:
• designation of this standard.

2.3. Acceptance rules - in accordance with GOST 2292-88 with the following changes: the batch is subject to acceptance if the amount of firewood in the sample that does not meet the requirements of this standard is no more than 5%.

3. CONTROL METHODS

3.1. Measurement of the size of rot - according to GOST 2140-81.

3.2. Measuring instruments - in accordance with GOST 21524-76.

3.3. Determination of wood moisture content - according to GOST 17231-78.

3.4. Measurement of the thickness and length of firewood - according to GOST 2292-88.

3.5. The volume of firewood with a length of more than 3 m is determined in accordance with GOST 2292-88 and GOST 2708-75.

3.6. The volume of firewood with a length of up to 3 m inclusive is determined by converting the fold measure into a dense one (m³).

3.6.1. The volume of firewood in the fold is determined by multiplying the height of the woodpile (stack) by its length and width.

The height of the woodpile is determined as the arithmetic mean of the results of at least three measurements.

With a woodpile length of more than 10 m, its height is measured every 3 m.

The thickness of the spacers and underlays is not taken into account when measuring the height. When stacking firewood with a moisture content of more than 25%, woodpiles should have an unaccountable allowance for shrinkage and shrinkage of 3 cm for each meter of height.

When determining the volume of a cell, 0.8 of the actual length is taken as its calculated length.

3.6.2. The volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the corresponding coefficient of full woodiness (appendix).

3.7. It is allowed to determine the volume of firewood by group methods according to technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

3.8. If disagreements arise in determining the volume of firewood in accordance with paragraphs 3.6, 3.6.1, 3.6.2, the volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the actual coefficient of full woodiness.

3.8.1. The actual coefficient of full woodiness is determined on a test woodpile, on the front side of which, outside the cells, a rectangle is marked with a height equal to the height of the woodpile, and a base length along the woodpile not less than 8 m. The sides of the rectangle are outlined with charcoal, paint or chalk.

A diagonal is drawn in a rectangle. When the length of the base of the rectangle is less than 8 m, two diagonals are drawn. The diagonal or, in the second case, both diagonals must intersect at least 60 ends of the logs.

The actual coefficient of full wood, expressed in hundredths, is determined by dividing the sum of the lengths of the ends of the logs along the diagonal of the rectangle (or two diagonals) by the length of the diagonal (or, respectively, two diagonals).

The length of the diagonal is measured in centimeters.

The result of measuring the length of the diagonal is rounded to the nearest centimeter, while fractions less than 0.5 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.5 cm or more are considered a whole centimeter.

The length of each end of the logs (without voids) is measured diagonally with the result rounded to 0.5 cm, while fractions less than 0.3 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.3 cm or more are considered 0.5 cm.

3.8.2. The actual coefficient of fullness of woodpiles, consisting of firewood in a round form, can be determined by dividing the total area of ​​the ends of the logs, determined on the front side of the woodpile in a rectangle with an area of ​​4 m², by the area of ​​this rectangle.

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. Firewood is transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport, in packaged and unpackaged form.

4.2. Package sizes - according to GOST 16369-80. Packages are formed using packaging tools in accordance with GOST 14110-80.

4.3. Storage of firewood is carried out in dense, densely-packed and packaged stacks and dense woodpiles in open warehouses in a dry way.

General requirements for the layout of warehouses and stacking of stacks (woodpiles) - in accordance with GOST 9014.0-75 and GOST 12.3.015-78. When woodpiles are more than 10 m long, they are strengthened with cages, which are laid every 10 m.

APPENDIX
Mandatory

WEIGHTWEIGHT FACTORS FOR TRANSLATION
FOLDING MEASURES IN TIGHT

Length, m	Full wood ratio for logs
	Conifers				Hardwood
	Round		Rasco- loty	Mixture round and hot lotyh	Round		Rasco- loty	Mixture round and hot lotyh
	thin	average			thin	average
0,25 0,33 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00	0,79 0,77 0,74 0,71 0,69 0,67 0,66 0,64 0,62 0,61	0,81 0,79 0,76 0,74 0,72 0,71 0,703 0,68 0,67 0,65	0,77 0,75 0,73 0,71 0,70 0,69 0,68 0,66 0,64 0,63	0,77 0,75 0,73 0,72 0,70 0,69 0,68 0,67 0,66 0,65	0,75 0,72 0,69 0,65 0,63 0,61 0,60 0,58 0,56 0,55	0,80 0,78 0,75 0,72 0,70 0,68 0,67 0,65 0,63 0,62	0,76 0,74 0,71 0,69 0,68 0,67 0,65 0,63 0,62 0,60	0,76 0,74 0,71 0,69 0,68 0,67 0,66 0,65 0,64 0,63

Notes:

1. Thin logs - from 3 to 10 cm, inclusive, medium - from 11 to 14 cm, inclusive; a mixture of logs - round 40% and chopped 60%.

2. If there are more than 25% of crooked logs in the woodpile with a branch height of more than 1 cm, the coefficient of full woodiness decreases for round ones by 0.07, for a mixture of round and split logs by 0.05, for chopped ones - by 0.04.

3. If there is coniferous and deciduous firewood in the batch, it is allowed to apply coefficients for the prevailing (coniferous or deciduous) species.

For consignments with a volume of more than 1000 folded cubic meters, when converting to a dense measure, it is allowed to apply the coefficients for a mixture of round and split logs for the predominant species (coniferous or deciduous), but without taking into account Note 2.

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Forestry

   CONTRACTORS

   P. M. Anisimov, Cand. agricultural. sciences; G.P. Filatova

2. APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated December 21, 1988 No. 4372
3. REPLACE GOST 3243-46 in terms of firewood for heating
4. REFERENCE REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

5. The limitation of the validity period has been removed according to the protocol N 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

6. REPUBLICATION. May 2004


This standard applies to softwood and hardwood firewood used as fuel.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The dimensions of the firewood are set:

in length - 0.25; 0.33; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00 m;

in thickness - from 3 cm or more;

maximum deviation in length ± 0.02 m.

At the request of the consumer, firewood of multiple lengths is allowed. In this case, the maximum deviations in length are set from -0.05 to +0.10 m.

For the population, firewood of multiple lengths is not allowed.

Note. Firewood of multiple lengths for the population was allowed until 01.01.91.

1.1.1. Firewood with a length of 1 m or less and a thickness of 16 to 26 cm must be split into two parts, 28 to 40 cm thick - into four parts, 42 cm or more thick - into the number of parts at which the largest split line is at the end of any part would not exceed 22 cm.

1.2. External rotten rot is not allowed in the wood.

Sound and sapwood rot is allowed in size no more than 65% of the end area. The amount of firewood with rot from 30 to 65% of the end area should not exceed 20% of the batch volume, and when using firewood at the enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Forestry, up to 40% of the batch volume is allowed.

1.2.1. Firewood is shared by:

by tree species, depending on the calorific value, into three groups:

1 - birch, beech, ash, hornbeam, elm, elm, maple, oak, larch;

2 - pine, alder;

3 - spruce, cedar, fir, aspen, linden, poplar, willow;

according to the homogeneity of rocks - into homogeneous and mixed.

Homogeneous firewood is considered to be made from tree species assigned to one of the groups, mixed - from tree species of different groups.

1.2.2. Firewood from oak wood is harvested only in cases where it is not possible to use this wood for the production of tanning extracts.

1.2.3. The wood must be cleared of branches. The height of the remaining branches should not exceed 30 mm.

1.2.4. Firewood can be in bark or without bark.

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Firewood is accepted in batches. A lot is considered to be any amount of firewood drawn up in one document certifying their compliance with the requirements of this standard.

2.2. The document must indicate:

the name of the department or organization in the system of which the supplier enterprise is included;

the name of the supplier and its location;

homogeneity of firewood and the ratio of different groups in mixed firewood;

the volume of a batch of firewood in a dense measure (cubic meters); when accepting firewood by weight - batch weight in tons and wood moisture;

designation of this standard.

2.3. Acceptance rules - by GOST 2292 with the following changes: the batch is subject to acceptance if the amount of firewood in the sample that does not meet the requirements of this standard is no more than 5%.

3. CONTROL METHODS

3.1. Measurement of the size of rot - by GOST 2140.

3.2. Measuring instruments - by GOST 21524.

3.3. Determination of wood moisture - by GOST 17231.

3.4. Measurement of thickness and length of firewood - by GOST 2292.

3.5. The volume of firewood with a length of more than 3 m is determined by GOST 2292 and GOST 2708.

3.6. The volume of firewood up to 3 m long inclusive is determined by recalculating the fold measure into a dense one (m).

3.6.1. The volume of firewood in the fold is determined by multiplying the height of the woodpile (stack) by its length and width.

The width of the woodpile, the stack (hereinafter referred to as the woodpile) is taken equal to the nominal length of the stacked firewood.

The height of the woodpile is determined as the arithmetic mean of the results of at least three measurements.

With a woodpile length of more than 10 m, its height is measured every 3 m.

The thickness of the spacers and underlays is not taken into account when measuring the height. When stacking firewood with a moisture content of more than 25%, woodpiles should have an unaccountable allowance for shrinkage and shrinkage of 3 cm for each meter of height.

When determining the volume of a cell, 0.8 of the actual length is taken as its calculated length.

3.6.2. The volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the corresponding coefficient of full woodiness (appendix).

3.7. It is allowed to determine the volume of firewood by group methods according to technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

3.8. In case of disagreement in determining the volume of firewood in accordance with clauses 3.6, 3.6.1, 3.6.2, the volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the actual coefficient of full woodiness.

3.8.1. The actual coefficient of full woodiness is determined on a test woodpile, on the front side of which, outside the cells, a rectangle is marked with a height equal to the height of the woodpile, and a base length along the woodpile not less than 8 m. The sides of the rectangle are outlined with charcoal, paint or chalk.

A diagonal is drawn in a rectangle. When the length of the base of the rectangle is less than 8 m, two diagonals are drawn. The diagonal or, in the second case, both diagonals must intersect at least 60 ends of the logs.

The actual coefficient of full wood, expressed in hundredths, is determined by dividing the sum of the lengths of the ends of the logs along the diagonal of the rectangle (or two diagonals) by the length of the diagonal (or, respectively, two diagonals).

The length of the diagonal is measured in centimeters.

The result of measuring the length of the diagonal is rounded to the nearest centimeter, while fractions less than 0.5 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.5 cm or more are considered a whole centimeter.

The length of each end of the logs (without voids) is measured diagonally with the result rounded to 0.5 cm, while fractions less than 0.3 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.3 cm or more are considered 0.5 cm.

3.8.2. The actual coefficient of fullness of woodpiles, consisting of firewood in a round form, is allowed to be determined by dividing the total area of ​​the ends of the logs, determined on the front side of the woodpile in a rectangle with an area of ​​4 m, by the area of ​​this rectangle.

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. Firewood is transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport, in packaged and unpacked form.

4.2. Package sizes - by GOST 16369... Packages are formed using packaging tools GOST 14110.

4.3. Storage of firewood is carried out in dense, densely-packed and packaged stacks and dense woodpiles in open warehouses in a dry way.

General requirements for the layout of warehouses and stacking of stacks (woodpiles) - according to GOST 9014.0 and GOST 12.3.015.

When woodpiles are more than 10 m long, they are strengthened with cages, which are laid every 10 m.

APPENDIX (required). WOOD CAPACITY FOR CONVERSION OF FOLDING MEASURES IN DENSITY

APPENDIX
Mandatory

	Full wood ratio for logs
	Conifers				Hardwood
Length, m	round		split	mixture round and split	round		split	mixture round and split
	thin	average			thin	average

Notes:

1. Thin logs - from 3 to 10 cm, inclusive, medium - from 11 to 14 cm, inclusive; a mixture of logs - round 40% and chopped 60%.

2. If there are logs in the woodpile in more than 25% of curves with a branch height of more than 1 cm, the coefficient of full woodiness decreases for round ones by 0.07, for a mixture of round and chopped ones by 0.05, for chopped ones - by 0.04.

3. If there is coniferous and deciduous firewood in the batch, it is allowed to apply coefficients for the prevailing (coniferous or deciduous) species.

4. For a batch with a volume of more than 1000 folded cubic meters, when converting to a dense measure, it is allowed to apply the coefficients for a mixture of round and split logs for the prevailing species (coniferous or deciduous), but without taking into account Note 2.

The text of the document is verified by:
official publication
M .: IPK Publishing house of standards, 2004

INTERSTATE STANDARD

FIREWOOD

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

IPK PUBLISHING STANDARDS

Moscow

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Introduction date 01.01.90

This standard applies to softwood and hardwood firewood used as fuel.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The dimensions of the firewood are set:

in length - 0.25; 0.33; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00 m;

in thickness - from 3 cm or more;

maximum deviation in length ± 0.02 m.

At the request of the consumer, firewood of multiple lengths is allowed. In this case, the maximum deviations in length are set from -0.05 to +0.10 m.

For the population, firewood of multiple lengths is not allowed.

Note. Firewood of multiple lengths for the population was allowed until 01.01.91.

1.1.1. Firewood with a length of 1 m or less and a thickness of 16 to 26 cm must be split into two parts, 28 to 40 cm thick - into four parts, 42 cm or more thick - into the number of parts at which the largest split line is at the end of any part would not exceed 22 cm.

1.2. External rotten rot is not allowed in the wood.

Sound and sapwood rot is allowed in size no more than 65% of the end area. The amount of firewood with rot from 30 to 65% of the end area should not exceed 20% of the batch volume, and when using firewood at the enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Forestry, up to 40% of the batch volume is allowed.

1.2.1. Firewood is shared by:

by tree species, depending on the calorific value, into three groups:

1 - birch, beech, ash, hornbeam, elm, elm, maple, oak, larch;

2 - pine, alder;

3 - spruce, cedar, fir, aspen, linden, poplar, willow;

according to the homogeneity of rocks - into homogeneous and mixed.

Homogeneous firewood is considered to be made from tree species assigned to one of the groups, mixed - from tree species of different groups.

1.2.2. Firewood from oak wood is harvested only in cases where it is not possible to use this wood for the production of tanning extracts.

1.2.3. The wood must be cleared of branches. The height of the remaining branches should not exceed 30 mm.

1.2.4. Firewood can be in bark or without bark.

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Firewood is accepted in batches. A lot is considered to be any amount of firewood drawn up in one document certifying their compliance with the requirements of this standard.

2.2. The document must indicate:

the name of the department or organization in the system of which the supplier enterprise is included;

the name of the supplier and its location;

homogeneity of firewood and the ratio of different groups in mixed firewood;

the volume of a batch of firewood in a dense measure (cubic meters);

when accepting firewood by weight - batch weight in tons and wood moisture;

designation of this standard.

3.3. Determination of wood moisture content - according to GOST 17231.

3.4. Measurement of thickness and length of firewood - according to GOST 2292.

3.5. The volume of firewood with a length of more than 3 m is determined in accordance with GOST 2292 and GOST 2708.

3.6. The volume of firewood with a length of up to 3 m inclusive is determined by recalculating the fold measure into a dense one (m 3).

3.6.1. The volume of firewood in the fold is determined by multiplying the height of the woodpile (stack) by its length and width.

The height of the woodpile is determined as the arithmetic mean of the results of at least three measurements.

With a woodpile length of more than 10 m, its height is measured every 3 m.

The thickness of the spacers and underlays is not taken into account when measuring the height. When stacking firewood with a moisture content of more than 25%, woodpiles should have an unaccountable allowance for shrinkage and shrinkage of 3 cm for each meter of height.

When determining the volume of a cell, 0.8 of the actual length is taken as its calculated length.

3.6.2. The volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the corresponding coefficient of full woodiness (appendix).

3.7. It is allowed to determine the volume of firewood by group methods according to technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

3.8. If there is a disagreement in determining the volume of firewood in accordance with paragraphs. 3.6, 3.6.1, 3.6.2 the volume in a dense measure is determined by multiplying the volume of a woodpile in a fold measure by the actual coefficient of full woodiness.

3.8.1. The actual coefficient of full woodiness is determined on a test woodpile, on the front side of which, outside the cells, a rectangle is marked with a height equal to the height of the woodpile, and a base length along the woodpile not less than 8 m. The sides of the rectangle are outlined with charcoal, paint or chalk.

A diagonal is drawn in a rectangle. When the length of the base of the rectangle is less than 8 m, two diagonals are drawn. The diagonal or, in the second case, both diagonals must intersect at least 60 ends of the logs.

The actual coefficient of full wood, expressed in hundredths, is determined by dividing the sum of the lengths of the ends of the logs along the diagonal of the rectangle (or two diagonals) by the length of the diagonal (or, respectively, two diagonals).

The length of the diagonal is measured in centimeters.

The result of measuring the length of the diagonal is rounded to the nearest centimeter, while fractions less than 0.5 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.5 cm or more are considered a whole centimeter.

The length of each end of the logs (without voids) is measured diagonally with the result rounded to 0.5 cm, while fractions less than 0.3 cm are not taken into account, and fractions equal to 0.3 cm or more are considered 0.5 cm.

3.8.2. The actual coefficient of fullness of woodpiles, consisting of firewood in a round form, is allowed to be determined by dividing the total area of ​​the ends of the logs, determined on the front side of the woodpile in a rectangle with an area of ​​4 m 2, by the area of ​​this rectangle.

4. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. Firewood is transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport, in packaged and unpacked form.

4.3. Storage of firewood is carried out in dense, densely-packed and packaged stacks and dense woodpiles in open warehouses in a dry way.

General requirements for the layout of warehouses and stacking of stacks (woodpiles) - in accordance with GOST 9014.0 and GOST 12.3.015.

When woodpiles are more than 10 m long, they are strengthened with cages, which are laid every 10 m.

APPENDIX

Mandatory

WOOD CAPACITY FOR CONVERSION OF FOLDING MEASURES IN DENSITY

	Full wood ratio for logs
	Conifers				Hardwood
			split	mixture of round and split			split	mixture of round and split

Notes:

1. Thin logs - from 3 to 10 cm, inclusive, medium - from 11 to 14 cm, inclusive; a mixture of logs - round 40% and chopped 60%.

2. If there are logs in the woodpile in more than 25% of curves with a branch height of more than 1 cm, the coefficient of full woodiness decreases for round ones by 0.07, for a mixture of round and chopped ones by 0.05, for chopped ones - by 0.04.

3. If there is coniferous and deciduous firewood in the batch, it is allowed to apply coefficients for the prevailing (coniferous or deciduous) species.

4. For a batch with a volume of more than 1000 folded cubic meters, when converting to a dense measure, it is allowed to apply the coefficients for a mixture of round and split logs for the prevailing species (coniferous or deciduous), but without taking into account Note 2.

INFORMATION DATA

1 ... DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Forestry

2 ... APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated December 21, 1988 No. 4372

3 ... REPLACE GOST 3243-46 in terms of firewood for heating

4 ... REFERENCE REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

5 ... The limitation of the validity period was removed according to the protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

6 ... REPUBLICATION. May 2004