For medical workers, a reduced working time of no more than 39 hours per week is established. Depending on the position and (or) specialty, the working hours of medical workers are determined by the Government Russian Federation.

For medical workers of healthcare organizations living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements, the duration of part-time work may be increased by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, adopted taking into account the opinion of the relevant all-Russian trade union and the All-Russian Association of Employers.

Certain categories of medical workers may be granted annual additional paid leave. Duration additional leave established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

In order to implement the program of state guarantees of free provision to citizens medical care in an emergency or urgent form, medical workers of medical organizations, with their consent, may be placed on duty at home.

Home duty - the stay of a medical worker of a medical organization at home waiting for a call to work (for the provision of medical care in an emergency or urgent form).

When taking into account the time actually worked by a medical worker of a medical organization, the time on duty at home is taken into account in the amount of one second hour of working time for each hour of duty at home. The total duration of the working hours of a medical worker of a medical organization, taking into account the time of duty at home, should not exceed the norm of working hours of a medical worker of a medical organization for the corresponding period.

Features of the working time regime and accounting of working time when medical workers of medical organizations carry out duty at home are established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing public policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare.

Positions of heads, deputy heads of medical organizations subordinate to federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation or bodies local government, heads of branches of medical organizations subordinate to federal executive bodies are replaced by persons under the age of sixty-five years, regardless of the duration of employment contracts. Persons holding these positions and having reached the age of sixty-five years are transferred, with their written consent, to other positions corresponding to their qualifications.

The founder has the right to extend the term of office of an employee holding the position of head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body, until he reaches the age of seventy years on the proposal of a general meeting (conference) of employees of the specified medical organization .

The head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local self-government body has the right to extend the term of office of an employee holding the position of deputy head of the said medical organization or the position of head of a branch of a medical organization subordinate to the federal executive body, until he reaches the age of seventy years in the manner prescribed by the charter of the medical organization.

In addition to the grounds provided for by this Code and other federal laws, the basis for terminating an employment contract with the head, deputy head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body, the head of a branch of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, is the achievement of the age limit for filling the relevant position in in accordance with this article.

Article 350

For medical workers, a reduced working time of no more than 39 hours per week is established. Depending on the position and (or) specialty, the working hours of medical workers are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

For medical workers of healthcare organizations living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements, the duration of part-time work may be increased by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, adopted taking into account the opinion of the relevant all-Russian trade union and the all-Russian association of employers.

In order to implement the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens in an emergency or emergency form, medical workers of medical organizations, with their consent, may be placed on duty at home.

Home duty - the stay of a medical worker of a medical organization at home waiting for a call to work (for the provision of medical care in an emergency or urgent form).

When taking into account the time actually worked by a medical worker of a medical organization, the time on duty at home is taken into account in the amount of one second hour of working time for each hour of duty at home. The total duration of the working hours of a medical worker of a medical organization, taking into account the time of duty at home, should not exceed the norm of working hours of a medical worker of a medical organization for the corresponding period.

Peculiarities of the working time regime and accounting of working time when medical workers of medical organizations carry out duties at home are established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare.

The positions of heads, deputy heads of medical organizations subordinate to the federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation or local governments, heads of branches of medical organizations subordinate to the federal executive authorities are filled by persons aged no older than sixty-five years, regardless of the term of employment contracts. Persons holding these positions and having reached the age of sixty-five years are transferred, with their written consent, to other positions corresponding to their qualifications.

The founder has the right to extend the term of office of an employee holding the position of head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body, until he reaches the age of seventy years on the proposal of a general meeting (conference) of employees of the specified medical organization .

The head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local self-government body has the right to extend the term of office of an employee holding the position of deputy head of the said medical organization or the position of head of a branch of a medical organization subordinate to the federal executive body, until he reaches the age of seventy years in the manner prescribed by the charter of the medical organization.

In addition to the grounds provided for by this Code and other federal laws, the grounds for termination employment contract with the head, deputy head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a subject of the Russian Federation or a local self-government body, the head of a branch of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, is the achievement of the age limit for filling the relevant position in accordance with this article.

New edition Art. 350 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

For medical workers, a reduced working time of no more than 39 hours per week is established. Depending on the position and (or) specialty, the working hours of medical workers are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

For medical workers of healthcare organizations living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements, the duration of part-time work may be increased by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, adopted taking into account the opinion of the relevant all-Russian trade union and the all-Russian association of employers.

In order to implement the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens in an emergency or emergency form, medical workers of medical organizations, with their consent, may be placed on duty at home.

Home duty - the stay of a medical worker of a medical organization at home waiting for a call to work (for the provision of medical care in an emergency or urgent form).

When taking into account the time actually worked by a medical worker of a medical organization, the time on duty at home is taken into account in the amount of one second hour of working time for each hour of duty at home. The total duration of the working hours of a medical worker of a medical organization, taking into account the time of duty at home, should not exceed the norm of working hours of a medical worker of a medical organization for the corresponding period.

Peculiarities of the working time regime and accounting of working time when medical workers of medical organizations carry out duties at home are established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare.

The positions of heads, deputy heads of medical organizations subordinate to the federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation or local governments, heads of branches of medical organizations subordinate to the federal executive authorities are filled by persons aged no older than sixty-five years, regardless of the term of employment contracts. Persons holding these positions and having reached the age of sixty-five years are transferred, with their written consent, to other positions corresponding to their qualifications.

The founder has the right to extend the term of office of an employee holding the position of head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body, until he reaches the age of seventy years on the proposal of a general meeting (conference) of employees of the specified medical organization .

The head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local self-government body has the right to extend the term of office of an employee holding the position of deputy head of the said medical organization or the position of head of a branch of a medical organization subordinate to the federal executive body, until he reaches the age of seventy years in the manner prescribed by the charter of the medical organization.

In addition to the grounds provided for by this Code and other federal laws, the grounds for terminating an employment contract with a head, deputy head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body, a head of a branch of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body , is the achievement of the age limit for filling the relevant position in accordance with this article.

Commentary on Article 350 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

Currently, the duration of the working hours of medical workers is established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2003 N 101 "On the duration of the working hours of medical workers, depending on their position and (or) specialty."

In accordance with this Decree, reduced working hours are established for medical workers depending on their position and (or) specialty:

The 36-hour working week is established for secondary doctors (except for the medical archive registrar, medical statistics) and junior medical personnel of medical organizations and institutions (departments, hospitals, centers, wards, offices), work in which, according to working conditions, gives the right to a reduced 36- hour work week. This also includes physicians - leaders structural divisions(except for a statistician) and some other categories of medical workers of organizations and healthcare institutions.

According to the working conditions, medical institutions in which a 36-hour working week is established include: infectious diseases hospitals, skin and venereal dispensaries, leper colonies, medical institutions for the prevention and control of AIDS and infectious diseases, psychiatric (psycho-neurological), neurosurgical, narcological medical organizations and institutions (including children's), providing medical care and patient care.

33-hour work is provided for:

for doctors of medical and preventive organizations, institutions (polyclinics, outpatient clinics, dispensaries, medical centers, stations, departments, offices) that conduct exclusively outpatient admission of patients;

for doctors and paramedical personnel, physiotherapeutic medical organizations, institutions (departments, offices) working full-time on medical ultrashort-wave frequency (UHF) generators with a power of over 200 W, as well as dentists, orthopedic dentists, doctors - orthodontists, children's dentists, general dentists, dentists, dental technicians (except for a dentist-surgeon, a maxillofacial surgeon), dental treatment and prevention organizations, institutions (departments, offices).

A 30-hour working week is established for doctors, including doctors - heads of an institution (department, office, laboratory), middle and junior medical personnel of tuberculosis (anti-tuberculosis) healthcare organizations and their structural divisions.

In addition, the 30-hour work week provides for:

For doctors, including doctors - heads of departments, laboratories, for middle and junior medical personnel of pathoanatomical departments, laboratories, prosectors, morgues, performing work directly related to corpses and cadaveric material;

For doctors and paramedical personnel whose work is directly related to X-ray diagnostics, fluorography, for nurses of X-ray, fluorography rooms and installations, performing at least half of the working day work directly related to assisting the doctor in the implementation of work on X-ray diagnostics, fluorography, at the X-ray therapy installation with visual control, and for some other categories of medical workers defined in the said Decree of organizations and healthcare institutions;

For doctors, middle and junior medical staff of institutions public service medical and social expertise(the main bureau of medical and social expertise, the bureau of medical and social expertise) that carry out examinations of citizens with tuberculosis;

For doctors - forensic experts bureau of forensic medical examination, including doctors - heads of departments, departments, middle and junior medical personnel, whose work is directly related to corpses and cadaveric material.

A 24-hour work week has been established for doctors, middle and junior staff, whose work is directly related to radioactive substances and sources of ionizing radiation, performing gamma therapy and experimental gamma irradiation with gamma preparations in radio manipulation rooms and laboratories.

So, the differences in the working hours of medical workers are due to the category of workers to which they belong.

The remuneration of health care workers also has its own characteristics. In particular, they are paid salaries in accordance with the position held and the category established by the ETS, taking into account the availability of a qualification category, degree and honorary title. The procedure for obtaining qualification categories by specialists with higher and secondary specialized education is established by Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated 09.08.2001 N 314 "On the procedure for obtaining qualification categories". Qualification categories assigned attestation commission created in in due course and are valid for 5 years from the date of issue of the order on their assignment.

The categories of remuneration and tariff coefficients of medical workers when determining rates (salaries) on the basis of the UTS are determined by categories of workers:

Jr service staff(from the 2nd to the 4th category);

Nursing staff (from 4th to 12th category);

Medical staff (from 9th to 16th category).

Heads of health care institutions are assigned ranks from 7 to 18, taking into account the indicators for classifying health care institutions as pay groups, set out in the appendix to the Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated 15.10.1999 N 377.

A number of medical workers enjoy the right to additional holidays. It has to do with working with harmful conditions labor. In particular, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.04.1996 N 391 "On the procedure for granting benefits to employees at risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus in the performance of their official duties"Employees of healthcare institutions performing work associated with the corresponding risk are given the duration of annual paid leave of 36 working days, taking into account additional annual leave for working in hazardous working conditions. These holidays are granted to employees of healthcare organizations that diagnose and treat HIV-infected people, employees of organizations whose work is related to materials containing the human immunodeficiency virus, in accordance with the Procedure approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia of 08.08.1996 N 50.

The order of part-time work of medical workers is established by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 06/30/2003 N 41 "On the features of part-time work of pedagogical, medical, pharmaceutical workers and cultural workers." According to him, medical workers have the right to carry out part-time work, that is, to perform other regular paid work on the terms of an employment contract in their free time from their main job at the place of their main job or in other organizations, including in a similar position, specialty, profession, and in cases where reduced working hours (with the exception of work for which sanitary and hygienic restrictions are established by regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation).

The duration of part-time work of medical and pharmaceutical workers during the month cannot exceed half of the monthly norm of working time, calculated from fixed duration working week, and is established by agreement between the employee and the employer for each employment contract.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 12, 2002 N 813 "On the duration of part-time work in healthcare organizations of medical workers living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements" establishes the duration of part-time work in healthcare organizations of medical workers living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements - no more than 8 hours a day and 39 hours a week.

Another commentary on Art. 350 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

1. This article provides an opportunity to specify a number of features of the regulation of work and rest of medical workers to the Government of the Russian Federation.

These features are:

1) reduced working hours determined by the Government of the Russian Federation (no more than 39 hours per week), which should depend on the position and (or) specialty;

2) an increased norm for the duration of part-time work, the introduction of which is possible by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, adopted taking into account the opinion of the relevant all-Russian trade union and the all-Russian association of employers, for medical workers who live and work in rural areas and in urban-type settlements;

3) provision of annual additional paid leave to certain categories of medical workers with a duration established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Along with Art. 350 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the features of work and rest of medical workers are provided for by Part 3 of Art. 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (in terms of establishing reduced working hours), part 2 of Art. 142 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (in relation to the prohibition of suspension of work at ambulance stations and emergency care), part 6 of Art. 282 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (regarding the procedure for establishing the features of regulating part-time work), subp. "b" part 1 of Art. 413 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (regarding the prohibition and declaration of illegal strikes at ambulance and emergency stations).

2. The special nature and working conditions of these workers are due to nature itself medical activities carried out by the employer (individual or legal entity(organization) that has entered into labor relations with an employee or other entity endowed, in cases provided for by federal laws, with the right to conclude labor contracts).

Due to the risky and creative nature of medical activity, the work of medical workers is characterized by considerable independence. It is this circumstance that is the reason why in many cases related to the performance by these employees of their duties to the patient, the significance of the authoritative instructions of his employer is not decisive. The medical worker independently provides such assistance to the patient in accordance with the standards of medical care.

This rule is not enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. However, it directly follows from the nature of medical activity.

A certain reflection of this independence are the following rules, enshrined in Art. 58 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 22, 1993 N 5487-1 "Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens" ( Russian newspaper. 1993. 18 Aug. N 158; hereinafter - Fundamentals of Health Protection):

1) the attending physician cannot be a doctor studying at a higher medical school or educational institution postgraduate professional education;

It is the burden of responsibility arising from independence in making life-saving decisions for the patient that is the reason for establishing reduced working hours and granting, in certain cases, additional annual paid leave.

Another circumstance influencing the regulation of the work of medical workers is the public (constitutional) significance of their work, which is manifested in the fact that with their help the implementation of the constitutional rights of citizens to health protection and medical care is ensured (part 1 of article 41 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

This circumstance, as well as the shortage of medical workers in organizations providing medical care in rural areas and in urban-type settlements, determines the possibility of increasing the duration of part-time work.

3. The commented article does not establish the conditions for classifying persons as a "medical worker". Meanwhile, these conditions can be found in Art. 54 of the special law - Fundamentals of Health Protection.

By general rule, in order to be recognized as a medical professional, it is necessary that the person concerned has a special higher education and possessed special documents (diploma and (or) titles, as well as a specialist certificate and a license to carry out medical activities). However, for a person working in a medical organization, such a license is not required, since it must be held by the organization as his employer.

These conditions apply not only to the person who works under an employment contract in a medical organization. They must match and individual entrepreneur who independently carries out medical activities (i.e. independently provides himself with work and is an employee only in the broadest sense). Association under one name "health worker" of a wide range of people with fundamentally different legal statuses does not appear to be very successful, since it requires special interpretation when applying the relevant rule of the Fundamentals of Health.

As for the certificate of a specialist, the only body provided for by law that has the authority to issue a certificate is the professional medical association of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (Article 62 of the Fundamentals of Health Protection). However, specific legal regulation of the procedure and conditions for issuing this certificate specialist is not yet available. In view of this, in practice, the presentation of this certificate for the admission of an employee to the performance of duties for medical profession are not required now.

The nomenclature of positions of medical workers working in the public sector is established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 14, 1992 N 785 "On differentiation in the levels of remuneration of workers in the public sector on the basis of the Unified tariff scale"and the application approved by him (SZ RF. 1995. N 10).

This nomenclature, as well as the Nomenclature of specialties of medical workers, is specified by the Regulations on the remuneration of healthcare workers of the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of October 15, 1999 N 377 (BNA. 1999. N 46), Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of August 19, 1997 g. N 249 "On the nomenclature of specialties of paramedical and pharmaceutical personnel" with the applications approved by him (Healthcare. 1997. N 11) and the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and social development RF dated August 27, 1997 N 43 "On the harmonization of pay categories and tariff and qualification characteristics for the positions of healthcare workers in the Russian Federation" (BMT RF. 1997. N 9).

4. In accordance with Art. 54 Fundamentals of health protection in exceptional cases to engage in medical or pharmaceutical activities in the positions of employees with an average medical education persons who do not have a completed higher medical or pharmaceutical education may be admitted. The procedure for such admission must be established by the federal executive body in the field of health care (currently there is no such procedure).

Doctors who have not worked in their specialty for more than 5 years may be admitted to practical medical or pharmaceutical activities after undergoing retraining in the relevant educational institutions or on the basis of a screening test conducted by committees of professional medical associations. Employees with a secondary medical education who have not worked in their specialty for more than 5 years may be admitted to practical medical or pharmaceutical activities after confirming their qualifications in the relevant institution of the state or municipal healthcare system or on the basis of a screening test conducted by commissions of professional medical associations. The correspondence of the specialties of nursing staff to the positions of specialists is established on the basis of the List of Compliance of Specialties of Nursing and Pharmaceutical Personnel to the Positions of Specialists, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of January 19, 1999 N 18 (Healthcare. 1999. N 4).

5. A special procedure for admission to medical activities is provided for persons who have received medical training in foreign countries. They are allowed to practice medicine in the Russian Federation only after passing an exam in the relevant educational institutions of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as after obtaining a license to carry out medical or pharmaceutical activities, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation. The mentioned procedure is established by the Regulations on the procedure for admission to medical and pharmaceutical activities in the Russian Federation of persons who have received medical and pharmaceutical training in foreign countries, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 7, 1995 N 119 (SZ RF. 1995. N 7). These requirements do not apply to persons who received medical and pharmaceutical training in the former USSR.

6. Despite the breadth of the legal definition of the concept of "medical worker", enshrined in Art. 54 of the Fundamentals of Health Protection, this definition does not formally include those healthcare workers who participate in the implementation of medical activities as part of a single team with persons with secondary or higher professional medical education and without whom in some cases it is impossible to properly provide medical care. Such workers, in particular, include representatives of junior medical personnel (housewives, nurses), medical psychologists, drivers of ambulance vehicles, highly skilled workers employed in important and responsible work(for example, those who service such medical equipment as artificial hearts and lungs), etc.

The close relationship of their work with the work of workers directly providing medical care, in many cases endows this work with the same actual features that are characteristic of the work of the latter. It follows that, by virtue of the constitutional principle of equality, guaranteed by the state, regardless of official position and other circumstances (Part 2, Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), regulation labor relations with the participation of workers providing medical care, should have the same features that are characteristic of the regulation of the work of workers directly providing medical care.

The consequence of this circumstance is the regulation by the same regulatory legal act of relations related to the peculiarities of the work of both categories of health workers, and the use in these acts of the term "medical worker", meaning both categories of these persons (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 1992 No. N 508 "On additional measures to stimulate the work of health workers" (VVS RF. 1992. N 20. Art. 1133)).

7. Depending on the position they hold and (or) specialty, medical workers are divided into four categories with working hours of 36, 33, 30 and 24 hours a week (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2003 N 101 "On the duration of the working time of medical workers, depending on their position and (or) specialty "(SZ RF. 2003. N 8)). Relations related to the establishment of reduced working hours for medical workers are regulated, in addition, by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of December 11, 1940 N 2499 "On the length of the working day of medical workers" (Collection of Decrees and Orders of the Government of the USSR. 1940. N 32. Article 806).

To stimulate the work of medical workers, special amounts of allowances and additional payments were established by the previously mentioned Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 1992 N 508 "On additional measures to stimulate the work of health workers", which was specified by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Russian Federation of June 8 1992 N 17 "On the size of allowances and additional payments for health workers and social protection population" (BMT RF. 1992. N 7 - 8). In these acts, the concept of "health worker" is actually identified with the concept of "health worker", which is considered not only average, but also junior medical personnel, as well as ambulance and emergency medical care, including drivers of ambulance vehicles.

It should be especially noted that the duration of part-time work in healthcare organizations located in rural areas and in urban-type settlements can be no more than 8 hours a day and 39 hours a week (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 12, 2002 N 813 " On the duration of part-time work in healthcare organizations for medical workers living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements "(SZ RF. 2002. N 46)).

For doctors general practice(family doctors) and nurses of general practitioners (family doctors) an annual additional paid 3-day leave is established for continuous work in these positions for more than 3 years (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 30, 1998 N 1588 "On the establishment of general practitioners (family doctors) and nurses of general practitioners (family doctors) annual additional paid 3-day leave for continuous work in these positions "(SZ RF. 1999. N 2)).

In a systematized form, many of the rules specifying the specifics of the work of medical workers, provided for by regulatory legal acts of a higher level, are contained in the previously mentioned Regulation on the remuneration of health care workers of the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated October 15, 1999 N 377.

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Do you think you are Russian? Born in the USSR and think that you are Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian? No. This is not true.

You are actually Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian. But you think you are a Jew.

Game? Wrong word. The correct word is "imprinting".

A newborn associates himself with those facial features that he observes immediately after birth. This natural mechanism is characteristic of most living beings with vision.

Newborns in the USSR for the first few days saw their mother for a minimum of feeding time, and most of the time they saw the faces of the maternity hospital staff. By a strange coincidence, they were (and still are) mostly Jewish. Reception is wild in its essence and effectiveness.

All your childhood you wondered why you live surrounded by non-native people. Rare Jews on your path could do anything with you, because you were drawn to them, while others were repelled. Yes, even now they can.

You cannot fix this - imprinting is one-time and for life. It is difficult to understand, the instinct took shape when you were still very far from being able to formulate. From that moment, no words or details have been preserved. Only facial features remained in the depths of memory. Those traits that you consider your family.

3 comments

System and Observer

Let us define a system as an object whose existence is not in doubt.

An observer of a system is an object that is not a part of the system it observes, that is, it determines its existence, including through factors independent of the system.

From the point of view of the system, the observer is a source of chaos - both control actions and the consequences of observational measurements that do not have a causal relationship with the system.

An internal observer is an object potentially achievable for the system in relation to which the inversion of the observation and control channels is possible.

An external observer is even an object potentially unattainable for the system, located beyond the event horizon of the system (spatial and temporal).

Hypothesis #1. All-seeing eye

Let's assume that our universe is a system and it has an external observer. Then observational measurements can take place, for example, with the help of "gravitational radiation" penetrating the universe from all sides from the outside. The capture cross section of "gravitational radiation" is proportional to the mass of the object, and the projection of the "shadow" from this capture onto another object is perceived as an attractive force. It will be proportional to the product of the masses of objects and inversely proportional to the distance between them, which determines the density of the "shadow".

The capture of "gravitational radiation" by an object increases its randomness and is perceived by us as a passage of time. An object that is opaque to "gravitational radiation", the capture cross section of which is larger than the geometric size, looks like a black hole inside the universe.

Hypothesis #2. Internal Observer

It is possible that our universe is watching itself. For example, using pairs of quantum entangled particles spaced apart in space as standards. Then the space between them is saturated with the probability of the existence of the process that generated these particles, which reaches its maximum density at the intersection of the trajectories of these particles. The existence of these particles also means the absence of a sufficiently large capture cross section on the trajectories of objects capable of absorbing these particles. The remaining assumptions remain the same as for the first hypothesis, except:

Time flow

External observation of an object approaching the event horizon of a black hole, if the “outside observer” is the determining factor of time in the universe, will slow down exactly twice - the shadow from the black hole will block exactly half of the possible trajectories of “gravitational radiation”. If the determining factor is the “internal observer”, then the shadow will block the entire trajectory of interaction and the flow of time for an object falling into a black hole will completely stop for a view from the outside.

Also, the possibility of combining these hypotheses in one proportion or another is not excluded.

Article 350

For medical workers, a reduced working time of no more than 39 hours per week is established. Depending on the position and (or) specialty, the working hours of medical workers are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

For medical workers of healthcare organizations living and working in rural areas and in urban-type settlements, the duration of part-time work may be increased by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, adopted taking into account the opinion of the relevant all-Russian trade union and the all-Russian association of employers.

Certain categories of medical workers may be granted additional annual paid leave. The duration of additional leave is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

In order to implement the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens in an emergency or emergency form, medical workers of medical organizations, with their consent, may be placed on duty at home.

Home duty - the stay of a medical worker of a medical organization at home waiting for a call to work (for the provision of medical care in an emergency or urgent form).

When taking into account the time actually worked by a medical worker of a medical organization, the time on duty at home is taken into account in the amount of one second hour of working time for each hour of duty at home. The total duration of the working hours of a medical worker of a medical organization, taking into account the time of duty at home, should not exceed the norm of working hours of a medical worker of a medical organization for the corresponding period.

Peculiarities of the working time regime and accounting of working time when medical workers of medical organizations carry out duties at home are established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare.

The positions of heads, deputy heads of medical organizations subordinate to the federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation or local governments, heads of branches of medical organizations subordinate to the federal executive authorities are filled by persons aged no older than sixty-five years, regardless of the term of employment contracts. Persons holding these positions and having reached the age of sixty-five years are transferred, with their written consent, to other positions corresponding to their qualifications.

The founder has the right to extend the term of office of an employee holding the position of head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body, until he reaches the age of seventy years on the proposal of a general meeting (conference) of employees of the specified medical organization .

The head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local self-government body has the right to extend the term of office of an employee holding the position of deputy head of the said medical organization or the position of head of a branch of a medical organization subordinate to the federal executive body, until he reaches the age of seventy years in the manner prescribed by the charter of the medical organization.

In addition to the grounds provided for by this Code and other federal laws, the grounds for terminating an employment contract with a head, deputy head of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body, a head of a branch of a medical organization subordinate to a federal executive body , is the achievement of the age limit for filling the relevant position in accordance with this article.