Assistance in creating a business plan. Business plans: download a ready-made business plan with calculations. We draw up a financial plan

Business plan has many definitions, but in short, this is a step-by-step instruction to bring any business idea to life. Planning a future business or improving an existing enterprise is not only a basic requirement for investors, creditors and partners, but also a necessity for a businessman.
Drawing up a business plan implies a deep and accurate analysis of all aspects of the future enterprise, and this allows you to turn the idea into specific goals and figures. And yet, a business plan is always an unfinished book, because in the process of changing economic conditions, the competitive environment, the investment market, you can always make adjustments to successfully promote your business.

Any business idea can be successful business if the future entrepreneur will clearly understand what he needs to implement his plans. There is a business plan Starting point to start a business, which makes it possible to assess the real state of affairs, study the market and competitors, give an adequate assessment of your capabilities, and think about how to make your business unique, and therefore in demand.

Basic principles for preparing a business plan

So what should must be in the business plan .

1) Summary of the project. This is a concise description of a business idea, a vision of development and tools to achieve results. Also, the summary should display data on what advantages you see in your business in comparison with other players in the market. In a word, this section should give brief description your business idea.

2) Information about the company. Here it is necessary to indicate the name of the enterprise, form of ownership, legal and actual address of the company, describe the structure of the enterprise.

It is also necessary to describe the goods or services that you are going to produce or sell in the market.

Specify the main goals of the enterprise.

3) Market analysis. This part involves considering the conditions in which you are going to enter the market - the competitive environment, demand, what price you are going to charge, and how much profit you are going to make in the next three years. It is also necessary to indicate which particular advantages of your products or services can become especially attractive to consumers.

4) Product. This part should contain detailed description future goods or services that you will offer to the consumer. You also need to indicate what target audience your activity will be focused on, indicate future suppliers, partners, contractors and other counterparties with whom you plan to cooperate.

5) Development strategy. This section involves a description of the tools for the development of the future enterprise - growth rates, advertising, possible expansion.

6) Tools for the work of the enterprise. In this chapter, you need to reflect information about what equipment you are going to use, how to package the goods, deliver them, and if these are services, where will you provide them and by what means.

Also, this section should include information about your team - from management to auxiliary workers.

7) Financial analysis. This section is business plan key , which should be the rationale for your idea in numbers. Here it is necessary to analyze and calculate all the costs associated with the organization of the enterprise, its location, maintenance costs, payment for the work of employees, settlements with suppliers, etc. You need to take into account everything, up to buying a pack of paper.

Also in this section, include information about your actions in case of debt from partners, buyers or suppliers. What debt recovery schemes are you going to use, and how you can protect yourself from such situations.

8) Accompanying documents. This is certainly not a section, but an important component of a business plan. It is necessary to attach all documents related directly to the enterprise as legal entity, lease agreements, resumes, job descriptions, etc.

Common mistakes in business plans

Examples of business plans can be browsed endlessly, but a beginner may not always be able to main disadvantages of a business plan. Often, a business idea does not get implemented because it is absolutely impossible to see the main essence and advantages of the future enterprise in the business plan.

So let's consider major mistakes that inexperienced businessmen allow while working on a business plan:

• Unnecessary information. Often business plans are written in such a way that behind the description of the professional skills of employees, information about the business itself is lost, or the story about competitors turns into an essay “Who today offers the same goods as mine and what a fine fellow I am, what can I do better (or cheaper )". In fact, a list of competitors is enough, a couple of words about the pros and cons of their work, pricing policy and an indication of your advantages over them.

• Unsubstantiated figures . As mentioned earlier, financial analysis is crucial for a business plan, so all calculations must be made on the basis of real numbers. Of course, it’s easier and faster to estimate “by eye”, but if you seriously decide to do your business, then remember that accuracy loves any business.

In order for an investor to be interested in you, work hard to ensure that everyone the figures in the business plan were reasonable. Keep in mind that investors and lenders go into negotiations prepared, since it is their money that is at stake. And, in the event of even a slight uncertainty about the reality of your calculations, you can forget about investing in your business.

• Vague information about goals and tools to achieve them . This problem arises, as a rule, when there is an idea, but there is no vision of its implementation, or, this vision has an unfinished form. Roughly speaking, if the future businessman has not thought through everything to the end.

A business plan must disclose a list of specific goals and ways to achieve them, work with the target audience, assess its solvency, clearly define the place in the market that you plan to take, and who exactly will be your main competitor. Specify what is the basis for such conclusions (analysis, market research, survey, etc.).

• Exceeded expected result . Often, when calculating the potential profitability of a future business, the dreams of entrepreneurs take precedence over real numbers. You should not get carried away with what you want, but it is better to honestly look at reality. If in financial analysis if adequate figures are taken into account, then the expected financial result will also have a real look.

Don't try to impress creditors, partners and investors with a profit of 500%. Believe me, they will calculate your result much faster and more accurately in their head, because their experience and knowledge will be greater than yours. And if the presented idea is worthwhile, even if not profitable from the first day, but promising in the future, it will not be ignored.

Sample business plan

So let's consider Sample business plan for a cafe good time ».

1. Summary .

Name - Cafe "Goodtime".

Legal form - Limited Liability Company.

Location - Kyiv

Services provided - Cafe, bar, karaoke, celebrations, trainings, seminars.

Working hours - 8.00-23.00 without breaks and days off.

Staff - 1 manager, 2 administrators, 1 bartender, 4 waiters, 2 cooks, 1 art director, 1 cleaner, 2 dishwashers.

The required starting capital is UAH 500,000.00.

Expenses per month - UAH 197,000.00.

The planned return on investment is 18 months.

Competition is high

Demand is high

Planned income per month - UAH 180,000.00.

Planned expense - UAH 120,000.00.

The planned net profit is UAH 60,000.00.

1. Cafe services and goods .

Cafe Goodtime will provide the following services:

1) Cafe, bar services.

2) Conducting trainings, seminars.

3) Theme parties.

4) Karaoke services.

5) Providing Wi-Fi for visitors.

6) Separate playroom for kids.

Goods that the Goodtime cafe will sell:

1) Confectionery products of own production.

2) Semi-finished products of own production.

3) Lunch / dinner with home delivery or "to go".

4) Sale of coffee and tea by weight.

1. The target audience .

The work of the cafe is focused on people aged 18-55 with an average income and above average. They should be interested in spending time in a cozy atmosphere, with the opportunity to participate in interesting programs, perform songs in karaoke. Each client should generate income in the amount of 50-250 UAH.

Also, the planned consumers of services are small firms that are interested in holding events for small groups of people 10-30 people.

1. Market promotion methods .

1) Distribution of flyers-invitations to the opening.

1. Customer retention tools .

1) An interesting menu, the possibility of preparing dishes under the order of customers.

2) Promotions, discounts for regular customers.

3) Holding interesting themed parties.

4) Gifts regular customers in the form of desserts, drinks.

5) Service at the highest level.

1. Competitors .

Cafe "Goodtime" will be opened in the center of the sleeping area, where there are also 4 cafes of a similar level. But, our cafe will have the following advantages:

1) Availability of karaoke;

2) The presence of a children's playroom;

3) Possibility of ordering food at home;

4) Thematic evenings.

5) The location of the cafe has a convenient entrance and a parking place.

1. Action plan for opening a cafe .

1) Market analysis.

2) Team selection.

3) Repair of the premises.

4) Purchasing necessary equipment and work equipment.

5) Elaboration of the menu and a plan for upcoming events.

6) Registration of activities and obtaining all necessary permits.

8) Checking the cafe for performance.

9) Opening.

1. The financial analysis .

One-time costs:

1. Purchase of equipment and inventory - UAH 350,000.00.
2. Repair of the premises - UAH 150,000.00.

Total: UAH 500,000.00

Recurring costs:

1. Rent – ​​UAH 50,000.00
2. Salary - 48 000.00 UAH.
3. Utilities, Internet - UAH 8,000.00.
4. Purchase of products - UAH 70,000.00.
5. Taxes and fees - UAH 21,000.00.

Total: UAH 197,000.00

Payback period:

Provided that the cafe will be visited by 50 people a day and the income from each will be 150 UAH, the payback period will come in 18 months.

50 people *150 UAH*30 days =225,000.00 UAH

UAH 225,000.00 – UAH 197,000.00 = UAH 28,000.00

UAH 500,000.00/UAH 28,000.00 = 17.86 ≈18 months.

Conclusion

Subject to the competent implementation of the idea and effective work advertising company, cafe administration and art director, you can count on profit after the first month of work. Considering that the cafe opens in autumn, attendance is expected to be high in the next 6-9 months. In order to retain customers in the summer, it is possible to open a summer site in the future.

So, it is possible to draw up a business plan yourself. Here is a simplified version, due to the fact that it concerns production issues. Also, keep in mind that this is just an example, so these numbers are very approximate. If you decide to take it as a basis, conduct a thorough analysis of the financial side of the issue yourself.

And yet, if there is no confidence in the issue of business planning, then you can always use the services of professionals who will work your idea well and turn it into quality business plan.

But, most importantly, persistently move in the direction of your goal and do not despair, because mistakes are always possible. The most important thing in business is not that you cannot make mistakes, but the ability to quickly navigate the situation and choose the right direction for solving problems.

Creating a business from scratch begins with thinking through the concept of the project: in what area will the company operate or individual entrepreneur and what exactly is he going to offer potential client. The next, no less important step is the choice. But this is not enough: before you cook, you need to draw up a business plan - on your own or with the involvement of marketers.

It depends on how competently, concisely and clearly the business plan is written, how a small business will look in the eyes of investors, creditors, target audience and potentially interested buyers. The following will explain how to write a verbose, attractive business plan on their own, as well as two examples of finished projects.

Why write a business plan and who needs it?

Before getting acquainted with the step-by-step instructions for drawing up a business plan, it does not hurt for a novice entrepreneur to find out in what cases such a document is needed and when it can be dispensed with.

The answer to the second question is simple: the more promising the project seems and the more it is planned to attract investors and lenders, the more the need for a business plan increases. If we are talking about, which can be equipped, launched and "introduced" into the market on its own, it is not necessary to draw up a plan; own enough start-up capital or consumer credit and entrepreneurial perseverance.

Otherwise, when a truly large-scale enterprise is created, which will function for many years in the future and not only bring income to the owner, but also be an investment object, one cannot do without a correctly written and calculated business plan: not a single serious investor will invest in dubious project.

In this way, business plan is a kind of business card project that is at the stage of creation or development. After reviewing it, potential lenders, investors and partners will get an idea:

• about the essence of the idea;
• about the main parameters of development and functioning;
• about prospects and risks;
• about the readiness of the business owner to overcome problems and correct possible miscalculations.

Advice: before the presentation (individual or group) of the business plan, it does not hurt to conclude with each of the representatives financial institutions, investment companies and commercial partners a memorandum of non-disclosure of the information heard. This will protect the original project from plagiarism, and non-original - from the premature readiness of potential competitors.

Drawing up a business plan - detailed instructions

As already mentioned, you can write a business plan yourself, focusing on the following algorithm and ready samples or seek the help of professionals.

The first option is preferable for small business owners who plan to develop according to the standard scheme. It is hardly possible to create a fundamentally new scheme for selling ice cream, hot tea or demi-season clothing: the demand for these items is almost the same in any era and depends little on the efforts of a businessman. Marketing tricks do their job, but it is impossible to sell more than the target audience is ready to buy.

Relying solely on his own strength, the business owner will be able to:

• save money on expensive help from marketers and experts;
• more clearly understand what exactly he is doing;
• immediately correct the identified shortcomings of the business plan, without waiting for the onset of a crisis situation;
• get full control over your own project.

By entrusting the preparation of the plan to professionals, you can achieve:

• minimization of time and energy costs: a businessman will receive finished project in the shortest possible time, without the need to understand marketing and economic subtleties;
• early identification of all possible risks and errors: a novice businessman who does not yet have sufficient experience may not pay attention to an error that has crept into his calculations, which will be much more difficult to correct in the future;
• getting all the information: although a business plan is usually not a very voluminous document, a specialist can make it really capacious by filling every page with valuable information.

The choice remains with the owner of the business: both options for drawing up a business plan have their advantages and are implemented not only within the framework of individual entrepreneurship or a small firm. The main thing is an understanding of the situation, possession of general terms and a desire to understand the current situation.

Advice: do not save on the preparation, development and presentation of the document. A business plan is a long-term project designed to bring an enterprise or product "from scratch" to the level of stable operation or demand. The process can take from a month or two to a year or more; all this time it is required to attract investments and repay the loans taken, and, consequently, to ensure the profitability of the company. And this is much easier to do, relying not on your own intuition, but on a clear and clear plan for everyone.

If the project is new, unusual and its implementation seems difficult to implement, the business plan should, if not drawn up by professionals, then at least be tested by competent persons: you can never be sure that an attractive business for an inventor will turn out to be completely unpromising from a commercial point of view and “will burst » is still at the stage of attracting resources. Nevertheless, loans must be repaid and investments returned; in order not to be bankrupt, a novice businessman should not neglect expert opinion; it is better to step back a little and think over everything again than to be left without money and reputation.

A business plan, by whomever it is drawn up, usually meets the following standards:

1. The volume of the text is from 30 to 50 pages. You should not get carried away by immersing the reader in excessively detailed information: investors and creditors are unlikely to be interested in what kind of food additives will be present in ice cream or which supplier's threads are planned to be stitched into shoes. We need specific numbers, as in the samples, which can be downloaded from the links below - and nothing more.
2. The document consists of four mandatory sections:
   • abstract - the most concise description of the enterprise; ideally should take up from half to three-quarters of an A4 page;
   • summary - should contain key provisions relating to the project as a whole and the business plan in particular, from possible difficulties to expected results;
   • the main part is actually a business plan, the structure of which will be presented below;
   • application(s) - Additional Information: photographs, graphs, diagrams, recommendations of partners and managers, marketing research and so on.
3. The text of the document, handouts and presentation should be easy to read and pleasing to the eye. A novice entrepreneur needs to remember: attracting creditors, investors and partners is in his interests, and therefore, he must seek their goodwill, and not vice versa. A sloppy document with illegible type will definitely not promote positive relationships - and maybe turn the audience away from a really good idea.
4. The language of the document should be business-like, not burdened with frills, but not too dry. Still, a business owner or a project developer turns to living people for support, who are unlikely to want to understand the intricacies of scientific terms and turns. Of course, a professional will not make such a mistake, so the recommendation is addressed primarily to businessmen who decide to act independently.
5. The plan should contain only real, reliable facts and figures. None of the potential investors and lenders will take the trouble to double-check the numbers and conduct repeated studies, however, if the project collapses, its creator will have to explain why this happened, and the presence of intentionally made inaccuracies in the text in this situation will definitely not help him.

Advice: Do not overload the Applications section too much. Although theoretically any information related to the business plan can be included in it, the number of pages with applications should not exceed the volume of the main text - otherwise the project will become too difficult to study.

In order to simplify familiarization with visual information, you can build and place at least some of the graphs and diagrams directly in the text, without referring them to another section. This is especially convenient if you plan to open, the idea of ​​​​which can be found in a few minutes, and not a branched complex enterprise.

Formatting the introductory part

Now, knowing the basic rules for drawing up a business plan (with concrete examples you can get acquainted by clicking on the links below), you can start writing it yourself.

As already known, the first part of the document is introductory; it includes:

• title page;
• abstract;
• summary;
• goals.

At first glance, it may seem that the title page of a business plan is an insignificant detail, correct design which can be neglected in favor of a more thorough study of the main text.

This is a mistake: the title is the "face" of the entire project, and potential partners, lenders and investors will judge the business plan as a whole by its quality. Of course, this does not mean that you need to decorate the document with unnecessary pictures or use non-standard fonts in the title; it is simple enough that each part of it is neatly designed and contains the necessary information in full.

The title page should include:

• full and, if any, short official name of the enterprise;
• organizational and legal form (IP, LLC, JSC, and so on);
• type of activity of the organization (if there are several, you need to indicate the one that the business plan concerns);
• address of registration and actual location of the company;
• information about the founder - parent company or individual entrepreneur.

The next obligatory subsection of the introductory part is the abstract as short and concise as possible. The information presented in it will be presented in more detail in the main part of the text, therefore, when drawing up a business plan, there is no need for a novice entrepreneur to increase the volume of the annotation to two or more pages: one incomplete one will suffice.

Advice: if it is planned to attract foreign investors or creditors, it makes sense to duplicate the abstract in their national or international (English) language. If foreign entrepreneurs are the main audience for which the presentation of the business plan is intended, a positive effect can be achieved by presenting the entire project in two languages. This is not required, but highly recommended; if it is not possible to translate the text, it is necessary to take care of high-quality parallel interpretation.

Now you can start writing your resume. It is clear from the title of this subsection that it should be as concise as possible. In addition, since it summarizes all the provisions of the business plan, the summary should be written after writing and checking the main text. It should provide basic information about the project, answering two main questions:

1. What will lenders and investors get? who provided a start-up entrepreneur with borrowed funds and invested their own money in his project? It is best to provide several options for the development of events:
   • complete success: the project was implemented exactly as written in the business plan - a rare, but the most attractive case;
   • partial success: problems arose during the development of the business, but were overcome at the cost of small losses - the most realistic option;
   • predominant failure: at a certain stage, the enterprise faced serious economic blows that did not depend on the will of the businessman's abilities, and as a result, most of the investments did not bring results - also a fairly common situation that should not be focused on;
   • a complete failure: the business collapsed, and loans with investments were lost - this item, due to the obvious consequences, can not be included in the resume.
2. What are the risks and how likely are they? It would be quite logical to list here all the main threats to the successful development of a business, bringing them into a list or table. It is not possible to give the exact amount of losses for each hazard, therefore it would be optimal to indicate its probability in percentage opposite to each negative factor.

Subsection "Goals" ("Setting goals") can be included in the summary or highlighted in separate category. Goals should include:

• directly intended goals - in a list, in the form of a table or in any other visual form;
• tasks set to achieve the goals;
• problems that may arise in solving these problems;
• the procedure for the project manager to exit from each specific situation- at the same time, it is not necessary to be limited to solving one issue with a single algorithm: the variability of the project will affect investors and creditors good impression;
• deadlines for achieving goals;
• weighty arguments in favor of investing in a project and providing loans to a novice businessman.

Advice: Do not get too carried away with bringing arguments in your favor. It is enough to indicate the main ones, and if necessary, tell the rest in words.

Description of goods or services

In the first subsection of the main part, it is necessary to tell in sufficient detail, but without going into unnecessary details, what exactly the businessman plans to offer the consumer. This should be done in several stages:

1. By giving a short list of goods and services, if necessary - with small characteristics in front of each position.
2. Learn more about each part of the proposal or about individual proposals included in a single business plan.
3. Explaining how positions are related- if, of course, there is such a connection.

For example, a small business producing dairy products would be perfectly logical to use its own rather than purchased milk to produce sour cream; this should be mentioned in your business plan.

Advice: since the document should be as visual as possible, it is highly recommended to include directly in the text or in the annexes, as indicated earlier, photographs or drawings of goods (if they are not unique and have already been put on stream) and simplified diagrams provision of services. In general, an entrepreneur can act at his own discretion, not forgetting the main condition: potential investors, creditors and partners should be interested. You can get acquainted with successful examples of business plans by clicking on the links below.

Next, you need to specify what target audience the products and services are designed for. Ideally, the audiences for each position should be partially or completely the same; otherwise, it makes sense to draw up and present several separate business plans.

It is imperative to draw the attention of potential investors and lenders to product characteristics:

• major and minor advantages and disadvantages of each individual product or each service for the consumer/user;
• strengths and weaknesses of all positions relative to competitors' proposals;
• technological and actual features of the production of goods and the provision of services, including from the point of view of current local legislation;
• general conclusions about competitiveness.

Important: do not tell investors and creditors about, LLC or other intended form of activity. But it won’t hurt to bring a list of documents necessary for the uninterrupted legal production of goods or the provision of services: although this does not directly apply to a business idea, potential partners will be able to assess the complexity of implementation and the prospects of the planned plan.

Carrying out market analysis

The next most important subsection is market analysis (more precisely, of its niche in which the enterprise will operate). As usual, in a business plan, which is not a very large document, one should not describe the current situation in excessive detail, much less provide historical parallels and own forecasts.

The market analysis should consist of the following points:

1. Current state of affairs: what is the demand for the product or services being produced (or being prepared for production), what are the expectations of the target audience and how ready is it for the introduction of original products, technologies and methods. Of course, when collecting data, one cannot completely get rid of the subjectivity factor: both the researcher and the entrepreneur will inevitably reflect their own opinion on the issue in this paragraph. There is nothing wrong with this: the main thing is that it does not differ too much from the average.
2. Presence of competitors. No need to list everything domestic companies carrying out similar activities; it is enough to limit yourself to your region or internal network.
3. Strengths and weaknesses of competing enterprises. The data should be as objective as possible, without overly emotional assessments and reckless judgments.
4. Best ways to compete. In this paragraph of the business plan, only legal methods should be listed; investors and creditors do not need to know about all the plans of the entrepreneur, no matter how exciting they may seem to him.
5. General portrait of the buyer. Compiled on the basis of surveys; it is clear that the more honestly a novice businessman approaches this task, the more benefit he will be able to derive from the project in the future.
6. Brief marketing plan consisting of the following items:
   • effective ways to attract customers, taking into account the specifics of the product and the situation on the market;
   • projected sales volume for several critical time points;
   • price per unit of product or service rendered;
   • ways of selling goods (directly, through private intermediaries, retail networks, via the Internet, and so on);
   • legislative base - to what extent all of the above corresponds to the provisions of domestic law.

Advice: as evidence of the integrity of the surveys, an entrepreneur can provide several completed questionnaires, fragments of video recordings and other documentary evidence for consideration by the audience.

Production part

An optional part for enterprises that do not produce goods and are engaged only in their sale. In other cases, the procedure for presenting production information in the business plan is as follows:

1. First of all, you need to list the existing and to be acquired in the future production capacity: machines, devices, other technological equipment, as well as the premises at the disposal of a novice businessman. The data can be presented in the form of a table or a list.
2. Next - describe the procedure and schemes for the supply of current assets (raw materials). It does not hurt to familiarize investors, creditors and future partners with the scheme production process; in this case, detail is more of a plus than vice versa. The scheme can be given both in the text and in the appendix to the business plan.
3. The approximate number of employees and, at least in outline, the staffing table. The latter should include:
   • positions of employees;
   • their schedules;
   • the procedure for calculating wages;
   • other important information.

Advice: an indisputable advantage will be the opportunity to acquaint the audience with job descriptions employees, as well as with the planned ways to improve labor safety.

organizational plan

In this subsection, you need to list the steps to bring the business plan to life, describing them:

• possibility of implementation;
• complexity;
• perception by competitors and target audience;
• legality;
• execution schedule.

Each project has its own steps.

Required costs

In the penultimate subsection of the main part of the business plan you need to bring, in the form of a list or table, all planned expenses:

• for renting premises;
• for depreciation of technological equipment;
• for consumables;
• on the wages employees;
• on mandatory deductions (taxes and fees).

Further, summing up the costs and evaluating the cost of a product or service, you can determine the break-even point of the project (the value of the sales volume at which the business goes from “minus” to “zero” and then to “plus”), for greater clarity, attaching the appropriate schedule to the calculations .

Important: Profit and income are different concepts. The first is obtained by subtracting from the second sum monthly expenses; this must be remembered when making calculations using the formulas used in the document.

Expectations, risks and prospects

This subsection is a more detailed description of the opportunities and risks presented in the summary. It is built in free form and may include the following items:

• list of prospects and risks;
• the probability of each of the listed events, as well as their combination;
• probable financial losses;
• ways to prevent and overcome problems.

Advice: if it is planned to insure the enterprise against a number of risks, it should be mentioned in the business plan: such foresight will make a good impression on investors.

Download Successful Sample Business Plans

You can get acquainted with examples of successful business planning in various areas by clicking on the links.

How to write a business plan - video tutorial from an expert

Common mistakes when writing a business plan

The most common mistakes made when working on a business plan include:

• ignoring the nature of work: daytime (5/2, 6/1), shift (2/2, 3/3) or seasonal;
• an overly optimistic sales forecast or an overly positive assessment of one's own products, coupled with an underestimation of competitors;
• wrong definition working capital and others economic indicators project;
• incorrect estimate of the amount required Money: exclusion from their volume of equity, non-use of part of the investment, errors in planning the repayment of the loan, and so on;
• exorbitantly large volume business plan: the thicker the project, the less likely it is to be read to the end;
• intentional or accidental use of false data;
• the uncertainty of a novice businessman, in writing or in speech, in his abilities.

Summing up

You don't have to be a professional to write a business plan yourself, just put in a little effort and follow the simple plan above.

Attracting investments requires a responsible approach and the use of exclusively reliable information: only then the document turns from an attempt to interest the lender into a full-fledged "road map" that can be guided in difficult and unpredictable circumstances.

Starting a business, an entrepreneur must take into account all the risks, as well as be aware of costs and profits. How to do this if the company has not yet been established, and your company does not sell anything yet. A clear and well-written business plan will help you evaluate the profitability of a business.

There are many business plans. For each type of enterprise, a plan should be developed that takes into account the nuances of this type of business. However, each document has sections and structure that can be used in preparing any type of business plan.

Dear readers! The article talks about typical ways to solve legal issues, but each case is individual. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:

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Business Plan Sections: Sample Sample

Here we provide the basic structure of a business plan so that you can make it yourself. A quality document should contain the following categories and sections:

1. Title page.

• the name and address of the company or the full name and address of the entrepreneur;
• the names and addresses of the founders, if any;
• name and description of the project; objective of the project;
• The total cost of the project.

2. Overview section.

• Name;
• organizational and legal form of the enterprise;
• form of ownership (state, municipal, private, common joint, shared);
• authorized capital (for organizations);
• average headcount (determined according to the rules established by Rosstat);
• annual turnover (the last year is taken into account);
• postal address of the actual place of business, telephone;
• bank details (including ruble, currency, deposit accounts);
• surname, name, patronymic, characteristics of the project manager (age, qualifications, etc.).

3. Summary (introductory part).

• main provisions of the project;
• description of the state of the company;
• an indication of the goods and services that are offered for sale;
• potential consumers;
• benefits for the organization (entrepreneur) and customers;
• financial forecast and general goals of the company for 3-7 years;
• the amount of required investment;
• investment return period;
• net profit for the investor from the project.

4. Calendar plan.

• project implementation - time plan (table).

5. Description of business (company).

• company status;
• planned activity;
• tasks for a period of up to 3 years;
• tasks for a period of 5 - 7 years;
• the reason for the decision to organize this type of commercial activity;
• indication of existing partners (supply and sales);
• company goals and means to achieve them;
• leadership characteristics.

6. organizational plan.

• information about partners (shareholders), form of ownership;
• degree of responsibility of partners;
• compound governing bodies companies;
• organizational structure of the company;
• redistribution of duties and functions within the organization.

7. Essence of the project.

• products, works and services;
• premises;
• equipment;
• staff.

8. Competition.

• assessment of the state of the sales market at the present time (regional, all-Russian, international);
• customer benefit;
• expected demand;
• demand for products, works, services in the future;
• planned market share and sales volume;
• prospective customers and competitors;
• solvency of buyers.

11. Products.

• example of product application;
• product compliance with standards;
• competitive advantages of the product in comparison with similar ones;
• the state in which the products are at the stage of drawing up a business plan (development, creation of prototypes, production, etc.);
• forecast of the impact of increasing the volume of production on the cost of products;
• patents, know-how that the organization (entrepreneur) has for this product.

12. Production plan.

• calculation of the required space for the implementation of the project;
• equipment;
• fixed assets, their value;
• nomenclature, volume of output of marketable products;
• subcontractors;
• list of materials;
• component parts of the product planned for production by the company and parts that will be purchased;
• raw material suppliers;
• reserve sources of raw materials, materials;
• methods of quality improvement and cost reduction;
• ensuring control over the production cycle;
• production personnel;
• planned changes to staffing in connection with the possible expansion of production.

13. Plan for the sale of products or services.

• tools and distribution channels at this stage and in the future;
• contract work costs;
• prices;
• marketing policy (pricing issues, discounts, promotions, etc.);
• guarantee period;
• forecasting the release of new types of products.

• media plan of the company (types promotions, quantity, terms, cost).

13. Investments.

• the required amount of investment;
• form of investment investments;
• directions of use;
• conditions for the provision of investments, the benefit of the investor;
• lending terms;
• warranty obligations.

• weaknesses of the company;
• the possibility of the emergence of more modern technologies;
• alternative lines of business;
• reliability of partners;
• inflation;
• new competitors;
• other risks;
• ways to reduce risks;
• SWOT analysis.

15. Company costs.

• one-time and current expenses;
• expenses for the creation, acquisition, lease of fixed assets;
• costs for raw materials, materials;
• operating costs;
• remuneration of personnel;
• taxes;
• registration, licensing, permits, permits, presentations;
• interest, dividends;
• cost estimation methodology finished products companies.

16. Revenue.

• income from the sale of products, works, services;
• proceeds from other sources of income;
• calculation method.

17. Financial and economic assessment.

• financial results;
• asset structure (non-current and current);
• structure of liabilities;
• the effectiveness of the activities carried out;
• indicators of financial stability;
• comprehensive assessment financial condition companies.

18. Performance indicators of the organization.

• predictive assessment of the company's financial results;
• predictive assessment of cash flows;
• breakeven level;
• factor analysis of the planned profit relative to the base period;
• the structure of the planned cost;
• expected profitability indicators;
• long-term comprehensive assessment of the company's financial condition.

19. Project sensitivity.

• sustainability of the project to changes in the economic situation and to changes in internal indicators;
• break-even point.

20. Environmental and Regulatory Information

• location of objects;
• the use of land under the objects previously and at the moment;
• construction works, other physical changes associated with the project;
• environmental policy of the company;
• impact of project implementation on the environment;
• list of licenses, permits required for the implementation of the project (terms and costs),
• utility rates.

21. Additional information.

• important information about the manager and leading employees (business, contact, etc.).

22. Applications.

• marketing research results;
• technical characteristics of the product;
• letters of guarantee, contracts with suppliers and buyers;
• lease, lease, etc.
• the conclusion of sanitary and epidemiological supervision, fire supervision, supervision services on ecology and safety;
• an inventory of the main documents;
• financial and accounting information (copies of balance sheets, income statements, etc.);
• quality certificates;
• regulations;
• articles about the activities of the enterprise (mass media);
• feedback from other organizations;
• other important information.

And now let's move on to the tips on the basis of which to draw up a business plan.

If, nevertheless, you have chosen a niche where competition could not be avoided, try to find an opportunity to make your product or service more unique and inimitable. Then you will have the opportunity to set your own price, and the buyer will not compare it with the prices of other sellers.

How can you find something special in your business?

1. Improve your product or service over your competitor's product or service.

2. Draw the attention of the client to the special quality of the goods.

3. Convince the buyer of the need for your product or service.

SWOT Analysis

To assess the competitiveness of the future business, you need to make a list of advantages. This will help you leave your competitors behind. Marketers always evaluate risks and opportunities. In the language of specialists, this is called a SWOT analysis. This abbreviation translates as:

-strengths( strengths and advantages of your business, your advantages over competitors);

- weaknesses (weaknesses, your weaknesses are listed here, what you should pay attention to and what should be corrected);

- opportunities (opportunities - make a list of all the opportunities for your business);

- threats (threats - what can threaten your business, and what needs to be fixed to reduce risks).

To make it easier to understand what in question, let's analyze this using the example of such an activity as a store. The following factors can become the advantage of a future entrepreneur in this area:

• if you do not have your own car, it is better if the distance between the house and the store is not large;
• in order to understand the range and advise customers, it would be nice to have an appropriate education or in a similar business.
• price tags should be large so that it is convenient to look at, and the windows should not be cluttered (then the goods will be clearly visible).

Weaknesses, for example, can be:

• not very large initial capital;
• limited number of suppliers of the desired product.

Capabilities:

• expansion of the store from one department to several;
• Opportunity to deal with multiple vendors.

• there is a successful competitor store in the next block;
• the competitor also has an online store;
• A competitor has a successful deal with a supplier.

If you follow these tips, you can make your work easier, since every time you will not be asked again for the price of the goods. Buyers like to take a good look at everything, but it’s better to touch it. If the client leaves satisfied, then this is a guarantee that he will return to you again. It is very important to provide the client with all the necessary information, the more complete it is, the better.

No business is done without risk. There are circumstances that can make the business worse, such as a reduction in the number of customers or losses.

It is necessary to take calculated risks in order to:

1. Evaluate the possibility of failing or not reaching the planned number of clients;

2. Note what the danger is and find a way to neutralize them.

It is difficult to estimate the chance of a breakdown, but if you regularly carry out preventive maintenance, then it is possible to eliminate it. The remaining risks can be predicted and neutralized, both the risk itself and its consequences.

Equipment for the enterprise

Also, you should consider in detail what machinery and equipment is needed, whether it be production or services. If you're in the manufacturing business, figure out what features the machinery needs to have in order to make your job easier. It is also necessary to clarify whether the power supply system can withstand the load.

It is necessary to compile a complete list of not only equipment, but also a list of work on its adjustment and connection, obtaining the necessary registrations and other works. Having created such a list, mark what you have, and what will be missing in the table, evaluate it at its cost and write the deadlines for implementation.

It will also be nice if some purchases are made later, when your business is getting better and the business starts to make a profit. Not everything is necessary at first: there are things that you can do without.

Initial capital

Everything you need to buy or pay will be the main cost to start your business. Those expenses that must be taken into account to start the operation of the enterprise are called initial capital.

To start a business, it is better to rely on personal money, because credit funds will need to be repaid with interest. There is a certain risk in this: since you are a novice businessman, there is always the possibility of bankruptcy. By investing only your own funds, you risk only them. If you take a loan, then, regardless of the success of your business, you will have to return this money soon.

However, many banks offer convenient programs. Try contacting your bank, maybe they can offer you a loan on favorable terms.

We recommend that you start your business with something simple, do not plan complex schemes. Starting small will make it easier for you to build up your strength. For small business you need, accordingly, less goods, less workers, and this is a significant savings.

Calculation of expenses and profits

Have you accounted for all costs? As a rule, a novice businessman invests almost all his money in a business. However, here you need to be careful, calculate all the subtleties so that you have enough money not only to start your own business, but also to live. The fact is that profits will begin to flow only after the opening, and then not immediately.

The preparatory period is an obligatory moment, but the calculation of financial indicators, the possible income of your company for a month, remains important. How to make a calculation if you have not started selling yet? Your competitors will help you with this.

First, we calculate the monthly income of such enterprises. It is advisable to find out his profit, the number of customers and calculate the approximate monthly income. Do not overestimate the income of competitors in your calculations, this can lead you astray. If you take 100 customers a day as a basis, you may be wrong, because the number of customers depends on many factors, for example, weekend and weekday profits are usually different for most companies. An adequate estimate of the number of buyers will help you more accurately calculate the possible profit.

If you have several products in your assortment, estimate the demand for each of them. This is necessary for a detailed calculation of possible income. When calculating, you need to take into account only fixed costs, all the rest, one-time, must be taken into account when calculating the necessary funds to open a business.

For convenience, group the costs:

- salaries of employees;

- purchase of goods;

— insurance payments;

- rent;

- communal payments;

- repair of equipment.

One-time expenses must be calculated separately. This is, for example, the repair of equipment, or the replacement of parts. These costs can be added to the repair of the premises. You need to consider when exactly you need to do this work and how much money it will take.

When calculating expenses, you need to divide them into different categories. After that, we sum up all the expenses, the received monthly expenses must be subtracted from the monthly income, and we get net profit without paying tax. Only after that we calculate the tax.

There are several options for paying taxes, these are:

• standard taxation;
• simplified taxation system;
• single tax on temporary income.

For example, your net income is 20,000 rubles, your expenses are 40,000 rubles, and your annual income is 60,000 rubles. In this case, VAT is not paid, and financial system works according to the following scheme:

• sales tax 60 thousand x 5%: 105%;
• social tax: 20,000 x 22% : 100%;
• personal income tax (20,000 - 9120 (single social tax)) x 13%: 100%.

After all calculations, we can deduct the net profit after taxes. To do this, the amount of taxes is subtracted from the profit, the resulting number is earnings.

When it comes to seasonal work, where the profit is not constant, we make a monthly calculation. Then we can track the turnover of funds.

One more piece of advice: even if your affairs are handled by an accountant, we advise you to keep a spreadsheet of expenses and profits. Constant monitoring of the dynamics of income and expenses will help to avoid a situation where you need to pay taxes or make any other payment, and there will not be enough funds in the account. After all, payment must, sometimes, be made before the receipt of money from customers. When the movement of funds is controlled, you can quickly and, most importantly, resolve your problems in time, avoid troubles.

Each business plan is drawn up for a specific person, copying other people's business plans is a bad idea, because everything depends only on the capabilities of a particular businessman. When compiling a business project, you need to focus on the fact that it answers the main questions:

1. Will it be viable?

If you are serious about doing business, a business plan is indispensable. The most good idea should be supported by a well-written action plan. The rules for writing a business plan for a small business will help you understand the sequence of actions.

Between dreams of own business and the real thing has little in common - in fantasies we clearly imagine only the result, in business it requires planning. Even the most successful business idea is worthless without a well-written action plan. We will look at the rules for writing a business plan for a small business, and we hope the information will be useful to aspiring entrepreneurs.

When we set out on the road, we plan a route so as not to wander at random; starting a new business requires a similar approach.

What is a business plan

A business plan is a guide to action with a description of the idea, process, implementation mechanisms and goals.

The definition of a specific goal in this chain is crucial, since it is this point that allows you to clearly formulate:

• What is your position at the moment, i.e. where is the starting point for starting.
• What should you get as a result.
• What steps need to be taken to promote and develop the business.

Purpose of the business plan

Drawing up a business plan is useful at the start of any business, but in two cases a plan is required:

To provide investors and creditors, as well as to receive financial support from the state.

The purpose of drawing up a business plan is to confirm the viability of the idea and the efficiency of using money. The information presented in the plan should be detailed, look reliable and logical. For clarity, it is useful to accompany the defense of the business plan with a slide presentation.

Real business plan "For yourself"

A working version of a business plan for "internal use". There is always a difference between "front" and "working" plans.

Development forecast and prospects

Consider several business development options. Try to objectively assess the prospects based on expected income and expenses. Put yourself in the place of an investor and consider whether you would be willing to invest in the company described.

Successful business development directly depends on the preparation of a business plan.

It is not enough just to make a plan, it is necessary to constantly adjust it in accordance with market changes.

This will allow your business to "stay afloat", receiving income and conducting a clear planning of the expenditure side of the budget.

Every successful individual entrepreneur (IE) knows that a well-written business plan is the “foundation” of any activity. Using a business plan, an individual entrepreneur can attract investors or apply for a loan from a bank.

A business plan is a complete program for launching and developing a business, containing detailed information about a product, its release and distribution. The business plan reflects the planned profitability of the company, and also demonstrates financial payback investment.

The preparation of a business plan for lenders should focus on specific financial indicators. The basic rule for writing a successful business plan is to be dynamic and short (no more than 15-20 sheets). Consider how to write a business plan yourself?

Title page

How to draw up a business plan? This requires a sample, especially for a beginner. Any work is primarily title page.

This is the "face" of your business. The title page "acquaints" a potential investor with a business idea, so it is very important to learn how to correctly draw it up.

The title page should be attractive and briefly inform the investor about the essence of the business. Mandatory items title page are:

• IP name;
• contact details of the enterprise (telephone, address, etc.);
• privacy note;
• short name of the project;
• Full name of the head of the IP, his contact details;
• information on the preparation of a business plan (who made it, when, where);
• information about the timing of the project.

Want to know more about writing business plans? Then the next topic is for you. : purpose and structure, algorithm and examples.

Read about how to open an online store for free and quickly.

A cafe is a business that can bring big profits in the future. Here is everything about how to open a cafe, a business plan with cost and profitability calculations.

1. Summary.
2. Project descriptions.
3. Carrying out market analysis, evaluation of competitors.
4. Marketing strategy.
5. Production, organizational and financial plans.

The summary is short and general information about the project. The volume of the resume should not exceed 1 printed page. The resume contains information about the field of activity and financial results companies that are expected. The summary also substantiates the goals of creating the project, its uniqueness and benefits for investors.

Product Description

When compiling a description of products, it is necessary to focus on the usefulness of this good.

You can also make a brief comparison of this product with analogues, dwelling on the main differences.

The Product Description section should provide an opportunity to analyze the future development of the business.

Description of the business model

The business model is a simplified version of the functioning of all IP systems and business processes. Creating a business model is one of the most important steps in the stage strategic planning activity of the company.

A business model succinctly describes how a company creates and sells its product. The development of the business model is entrusted to the IP management team.

Market and industry analysis

At the stage of market analysis, it is necessary to get acquainted with the situation in detail, analyze the total volume of potential sales for the products produced. You can also make a trial batch of goods in order to study the behavior and reactions of buyers to it. Analyzing the market, it is necessary to evaluate competitors.

The general scheme of a competent business plan

How to compose right business plan? A competent business plan contains detailed information about the main competitors to understand the prospects for the development of IP.

Strategic SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is carried out in order to determine the actual state of the company and highlight the prospects for its development in the long term.

At the stage of conducting a SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the company are studied, risk factors and market opportunities are assessed.

SWOT analysis helps the IP management to evaluate the following points:

• the presence of an IP advantage in the market for similar goods;
• vulnerable ("bottleneck") places of the company;
• chances of making a profit;
• threats from the market and competitors.

Risk assessment and management

An integral part of the business plan is the concept of risk management.

This section is designed to prevent the occurrence of adverse events in the company's activities in order to avoid significant financial losses.

Active risk management implies their prevention at the decision-making stage. In this case, risk management is related to marketing research market, which shows the probability of incurring losses based on an assessment of demand and pricing policy competitors.

Any investor who decides to invest funds pays attention to the risk of losing the invested capital.

Sales strategy

A sales strategy is a comprehensive planning consisting of answers to the following questions:

• How (through what channels) will the product be distributed?
• What will be the price of the product?
• How to interest buyers?
• How to create an ad? How much money to allocate for this?

This section should analyze the market and provide a clear description of under what conditions potential buyers become clients of the IP.

organizational plan

In the section "Organizational plan", as a rule, the general structure of the IP and the role of each of its links in the process of production and sale of goods are indicated. Except overall structure enterprises, investors are interested in information about each member of the management (if the company plans to raise capital).

This paragraph demonstrates the general table of income and expenses of the company, draws up a forecast balance sheet, and calculates the calculation (cost) of goods.

Composing financial plan, it is necessary to calculate the payback period of the project with a breakdown of cash flows by months.

When working on a business plan, you should not overdo it. Consider only basic information. It is important that the investor, after reading the first two pages, already understands what is at stake. The data used in the preparation of the business plan must be 100% reliable.

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